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博碩士論文 etd-0908106-180704 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0908106-180704
論文名稱
Title
封包彙集對TCP效能之影響
Effects of packet aggregation on TCP performance
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
51
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-07-03
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-09-08
關鍵字
Keywords
封包彙集、TCP效能
burst, TCP performance, OBS
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5631 次,被下載 3
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5631 times, has been downloaded 3 times.
中文摘要
中文摘要
由於科技的進步,Internet的成長,optical network逐漸成為這個世代網路架構的主流,然而在optical packet switching (OPS)的發展上卻遇到瓶頸,特別是對光訊號暫存和頻寬變大造成switch的高負載等問題仍無法有效解決,為了克服這些問題,burst switching提供了另一個思考方向。其利用封包彙集降低了switch的負載和預留頻寬的技術克服暫存的問題,所以burst switching取而代之成為近期內較符合經濟效益的技術。其中又以optical burst switching (OBS)的研究最受矚目。新的burst switching架構與傳統資料網路最大的不同處在於封包在進入核心網路前,先對封包做彙集的處理,當下所得到的優點,可以降低switch的負載,所需處理的封包個數自然就會減少,目前研究OBS的論文很多,但就90%以上的流量是TCP的網際網路來說探討封包彙集對TCP效能的影響的論文卻是很少,我們也只找到一篇[2]與其相關,但由於其探討之網路模型太過簡單,所以在本論文中,我們將這篇論文[2]所提到的網路模型,用J-Sim完整重建,另外我們又設計了2種不同的網路模型進行實驗,目的是研究在較真實的網路模型下封包彙集對TCP效能的影響,探討封包彙集後的大小,以及封包彙集所需的時間,對TCP goodput的影響,從此研究中我們發現到3項因素,封包彙集對,封包彙集的延遲,以及buffer的大小,其中封包彙集對goodput有著正面的提升,彙集所造成的延遲和buffer的大小則是帶來負面的影響,3項因素彼此互相牽制,進而影響到TCP效能。
Abstract
Abstract
Due to advances of technologies and growth of Internet usage, demand for larger and larger network capacity remains the major challenge for network operators. To meet the increasing demand, optical network has become the key technology in the current and next-generation Internet. In terms of network architecture, optical packet switching (OPS) is a promising up-star in achieving high efficiency just as the electronic counterpart. However, it is currently far reached because of the difficulty in making optical random access memory and ultra-high cost in making fast optical switches that can handle more than 10^9 packets per second. Optical burst switching (OBS), on the other hand, is a more achievable, economical alternative. In OBS networks, packets are aggregated into much larger sized bursts before entering the core network. It thus does not require fast optical switches. And by incorporating one-way delayed reservation scheme, OBS avoids using optical RAM. There have been many research activities toward OBS. However, for Internet with 90% of TCP traffic, the effect of packet aggregation introduced by OBS on TCP performance is still not well understood. Detti and Listanti derived a model for it and the model was verified in simulation [2]. Yet, we found many of the assumptions in their study are not realistic. The obtained result is therefore questionable. In this thesis, we relax their assumptions and design two new models accordingly in order to get deeper understanding on the effects of packet aggregation on TCP performance. From our simulation results, we conclude three affecting factors: burst assembly, assembly delay and assembler buffer size. Burst assembly shows positive effect, while the other two demonstrate negative effects, on TCP throughput.
目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
第一章 緒論......1
1.1 概論 ......1
1.2 研究動機 ......1
第二章 文獻探討 ......3
2.1 Optical Burst Switching (OBS)相關背景 ......3
2.1.1 傳統光網路 ......4
2.1.2 OBS網路架構 ......6
2.1.3 OBS傳送機制 ......7
2.2 封包彙集架構 ......9
2.2.1 封包彙集發送端 ......9
2.2.2 封包彙集接收端 ......10
2.3 封包彙集演算法 ......11
2.4 封包群(burst)還原演算法 ......16
2.5 TCP效能分析 ......16
第三章 系統架構與研究方法 ......21
3.1 模擬環境介紹 ......21
3.2 網路模型 ......23
3.2.1 基礎模型 ......24
3.2.2 單向彙集 ......25
3.2.3 雙向彙集 ......26
3.2.4 雙向傳送 ......28
3.2.5 封包彙集暫存器 ......29
第四章 模擬研究 ......30
4.1 模擬結果 ......31
4.1.1 單向彙集 ......31
4.1.2 雙向彙集 ......34
4.1.3 雙向傳送 ......36
4.2 討論 ......38
第五章 結論與未來展望 ......40
REFERENCE ......41



圖表目錄

圖2-1. 現今網際網路與光網路的關係圖 ......5
圖2-2. OBS網路架構 ......6
圖2-3. OBS傳送機制示意圖 ......7
圖2-4. ingress node 結構圖 ......9
圖2-5. egress node 結構圖 ......10
圖2-6. burst-time assembler示意圖 ......11
圖2-7. burst-time演算法流程圖 ......12
圖2-8. burst-length assembler示意圖 ......13
圖2-9. burst-length演算法流程圖 ......14
圖2-10. mixed assembler示意圖 ......14
圖2-11. mixed 演算法流程圖 ......15
圖2-12. burst disassembly流程圖 ......16
圖2-13. 模擬 Burstification factor vs. access bandwidth(Ba) ......18
圖3-1 TCP connection model ......21
圖3-2 基礎模型 ......24
圖3-3 單向彙集 ......26
圖3-4 雙向彙集 ......28
圖3-5 雙向傳送 ......29
圖4-1. 單向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=無限大時 ......31
圖4-2. 單向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=12000(bytes)時 ......32
圖4-3. 單向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=6000(bytes)時 ......33
圖4-4. 雙向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=無限大時 ......34
圖4-5. 雙向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=12000(bytes)時 ......34
圖4-6. 雙向彙集-Host0 buffer-size=6000(bytes)時 ......35
圖4-7. 雙向傳送-Host0 buffer-size=無限大,Host3 buffer-size=無限大時......36
圖4-8. 雙向傳送-Host0 buffer-size=12000(bytes),
Host3 buffer-size=12000(bytes)時 ......36
圖4-9. 雙向傳送- Host0 buffer-size=6000(bytes),
Host3 buffer-size=6000(bytes)時 ......37



表一. optical switching比較 ......4
表二. 模擬參數表 ......30
參考文獻 References
REFERENCE
[1] S. Gowda, R. K. Shenai, K. M. Sivalingam, and H. C. Cankaya, “Performance Evaluation of TCP over Optical Burst-Switched (OBS) WDM Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Anchorage, USA, pp. 1433–1437, New York, 2003.
[2] A. Detti and M. Listanti, “Impact of Segments Aggregation on TCP Reno Flows in Optical Burst Switching Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, New York City, USA, pp. 1803–1812, New York, 2002.
[3] X. Yu, C. Qiao, and Y. Liu, “TCP Implementations and False Time Out Detection in OBS Networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Hong Kong, China, pp. 774–784, New York, 2004.
[4] X. Cao, J. Li, Y. Chen, and C. Qiao, "Assembling TCP/IP Packets in Optical Burst Switched Networks", in IEEE Globecom'02, Taiwan ,pp. 2808 -2812, Nov. 2002.
[5] Y. Xiong, M. Vandenhoute, and H. Cankaya, Control Architecture in Optical Burst-Switched WDM Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , Vol. 18 No. 10, PP. 1838-1851, October 2000.
[6] M.Yoo,M.Jeong, and C.Qiao,”High-speed protocol for bursty traffic in optical networks,”in SPIE Proceedings,All Optical Communication systems : Architecture, Control and Network Issues,vol.3230,pp. 79-90,Nov.1997.
[7] C.Qiao and M.Yoo,”Optical Burst Switching(OBS)-a new paradigm for an optical internet,”Journal on High speed Networks,vol.8,no.1,pp.69-84,1999.
[8] C.Qiao and M.Yoo,”Choices,features and issues in optical burst switching,”SPIE Optical Networks Magazine,Apr 2000.
[9] J.S.Turner,”Terabit burst switching,”Journal on High Speed Networks,vol.8,no.1,pp.3-16,1999.
[10] C. Qiao,”Labeled optical burst switching for IP-over-WDM integration”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 104-114, September 2000.
[11] C. Qiao, M. Yoo“A Novel Switching Paradigm for Buffer-less WDM Networks”, Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Paper ThM6, pp.177-179, Feb. 1999.
[12] Y. Chen, J. Turner“WDM Burst Switching for Petabit Capacity Routers”, Proceedings of Milcom, 1999.
[13] J. Turner, “Terabit Burst Switching”, Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 3-16, 1999.
[14] D. Chiu and R. Jain, "Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks", Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol. 17, pp. 1--14, 1989.
[15] J.Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Towsley, and J. Kurose, "Modeling tcp throughput: A simple model and its empirical", in Proceedings of ACM/SIGCOMM, 1998.
[16] G. Holland and N. H. Vaidya. A analysis of TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks. In Proc. ACM MOBICOM, Aug. 1999.
[17] R. Yang, M. S. Kim, X. Zhang, and S. S. Lam. A two problems of tcp aimd congestion control. A technical Report TR-00-13, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, June 2000.
[18] S. Bansal, R. Gupa, R. Shorey, I. Ali, A. Razdan, and A. Misra, "Energy Efficiency and Throughput for TCP Traffic in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks", in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'02, New York, July 2002.
[19] Z. Fu, P. Zerfos, H. Luo, S. Lu, L. Zhang, and M. Gerla, "The Impact of Multihop Wireless Channel on TCP Throughput and Loss", in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM'03,San Francisco, CA, April 2003.
[20] S. Shakkottai, N. Brownlee ,and K. Claffy, "A Study of Burstiness in TCP Flows", Passive and Active Measurement (PAM), April 2005.
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