在高壓-超高壓變質帶的榴輝岩或石榴石橄欖岩中，常可見到斜輝石中含有順向排列的針狀或棒狀之石英析出物，此種現象常被用來當作該岩石經歷過超高壓變質作用的一種指標，然而關於這種石英析出物的成因以及它們和斜輝石主晶之間是否有結晶構造上的特定方位關係仍然不是很清楚。為了探討石英析出物的形成機制、生成環境，本研究利用電子背向散射繞射（electron backscattered diffraction, EBSD）分析、岩象觀察和礦物成份分析來研究柴北緣超高壓變質帶錫鐵山之榴輝岩中的綠輝石所含之石英與角閃石析出物，分析其岩象特徵、礦物組合、礦物成份以及綠輝石與所含析出物之結晶方位關係。研究結果顯示綠輝石所含順向排列之棒狀析出物主要為石英 ± 淡閃石的組合，析出物長約 5 ~ 20 &micro;m，寬約 3 ~ 8 &micro;m，其長軸方向與主晶綠輝石c軸方向大致平行，且析出物常呈現綠輝石主晶的負晶體外形。由EBSD的分析結果顯示淡閃石和石英析出物分別與綠輝石主晶呈現結晶順構關係，淡閃石的a, b, c軸分別和綠輝石a, b, c軸一致。而石英析出物與主晶綠輝石亦呈現兩組主要的結晶順構關係，第一組石英析出物的長軸為a軸，a Qtz // c Omp，c Qtz ~// <201>Omp，{0001} Qtz // {100}Omp；第二組石英析出物的長軸為c軸，c Qtz // cOmp，a Qtz ~// <201>Omp，{21 &#773;1 &#773;0} Qtz // {100}Omp；兩組石英析出物方位的a-c面均平行綠輝石的a-c面，即{011 &#773;0} Qtz // {010}Omp。根據此石英 ± 淡閃石析出物所具有的負晶組織特徵，推測錫鐵山榴輝岩綠輝石在峰期變質之後的退變階段離溶出液包體，此液包體提供了石英和淡閃石析出物的生長空間與部份材料，析出物在成長的過程中，為了維持最小之晶界界面能，分別呈現主晶和析出物之間的結晶順構關係。彙整前人研究斜輝石析出石英 ± 角閃石的資料顯示，高壓-超高壓變質岩中的斜輝石含有石英 ± 角閃石析出物者，大都有經歷過高壓粒變岩相的疊加作用，意味著溫度可能才是析出物產出的關鍵因素，而非一般認為的壓力因素。因此，綠輝石含石英 ± 角閃石析出物，不適合當作岩體經歷過超高壓變質作用的指標。

Oriented needle-shaped or rod-shaped quartz precipitates occur in clinopyroxenes have been commonly observed in eclogites or garnet peridotites from the high pressure or ultra-high pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic belts, and their occurrence has been used as an indicator of UHP metamorphism. However, the origin of those quartz precipitates and their crystallographic orientation relationships with clinopyroxene hosts are still not clear. In order to understand the formation mechanisms and environments of the quartz precipitates, the present study has used electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, petrographic and scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis to study textural features, mineral assemblages, mineral compositions, and crystallographic orientation relationships of mineral precipitates in the omphacite from Xitieshan, North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt. The results show that the oriented rod-like precipitates in the omphacite hosts are mainly composed of quartz + edenite, and the rods are 5~20

論文審定書………………………………….……………………………...……… i
誌謝辭……………………………………………………………………………… ii
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………….….. iii
英文摘要……………………………………………………...…………...………. v
目錄…………………………………………………………..….………………. vii
圖目錄…………………..………………………………………….…………. ix
表目錄…………………..……………………………………………….………. xii
礦物符號縮寫表………………………………………….…..……………...…. xiii

第一章 序論……………………………………………………………..…...….. 1
1-1 前言…..…..………………………………….………………...…..…… 1
1-2 前人研究………..…………………………………...………….....…… 4
1-3 研究動機與目的…….…..…………………………………….......…… 6
第二章 地質背景……………………………..………………………...…..…… 8
2-1 柴北緣超高壓變質帶..………….…………………….…………...…… 8
2-1-1 地體演化..………………………………..……………....…… 8
2-1-2 柴北緣地體經歷超高壓變質的證據……………………......… 9
2-1-3 溫度-壓力路徑…………………..….……….……………… 10
2-2 研究樣品…………………………………….………………….............. 11
第三章 研究方法……………………………..………………………….……… 15
3-1 實驗流程……………………….…..…………………....….…...……… 15
3-2 實驗方法與儀器..………………………………………….……....…… 16
3-2-1 偏光顯微鏡之岩象觀察.……………….……………….……… 16
3-2-2 SEM/EDS之觀察與成份分析……….……………….……..… 16
3-2-3 EBSD之結晶方位鑑定……….……….…………….……..… 17
3-3 岩石光薄片製備…..………………………………………….…...…... 19
3-3-1 SEM/EDS之岩石光薄片製備方式…………………….……... 19
3-3-2 EBSD之岩石光薄片製備方式……….………………………... 19
3-3-3 EBSD之結晶方位鑑定………...……………….…….………... 18
3-4 礦物成份之計算與繪圖………………………………….….………..... 20
3-4-1 輝石成份計算與投圖……………….…………………..…..... 20
3-4-2 角閃石成份計算與投圖............................................................... 23
3-4-3 其它常見礦物成份計算............................................................. 28
第四章 結果…………………………………..………………………………… 29
4-1 標本觀察…………………………………………………………….… 29
4-2 岩象觀察與SEM/EDS成份分析……………………………..……… 31
4-2-1 魚卡河（YKH）榴輝岩……………………………………… 31
4-2-2 錫鐵山（XTS）榴輝岩……………………………..………… 33
4-3 錫鐵山綠輝石所含析出物之觀察………………………..…...……… 54
4-3-1 針狀/棒狀的負晶體外形之石英 ± 淡閃石析出物…..…...... 54
4-3-2 條帶狀的淡閃石析出物……………………………..…...…. 55
4-3-3 疑似鈉長石的析出物………………………………..…...…. 55
4-4 錫鐵山榴輝岩綠輝石與所含析出物之結晶方位鑑定……………….. 60
4-4-1 EBSD結晶方位鑑定……………………………………..…… 60
4-4-2 綠輝石與負晶形石英析出物之結晶方位關係……………...… 63
第五章 討論………………………………………………......................……… 88
5-1 綠輝石中所含棒狀析出物之組成與組織特徵……………………..… 88
5-2 綠輝石與析出物的結晶順構關係………………………………...… 89
5-3 綠輝石所含析出物的生長機制……………………………………...… 90
5-3-1 負晶形析出物與液包體之關聯性…………………………...… 90
5-3-2 礦物反應與離溶作用………………………………………...… 93
5-4 綠輝石所含析出物之生長環境……………………………………...… 94
5-5 錫鐵山榴輝岩與所含石英 ± 淡閃石析出物之生長條件與過程…… 96
第六章 結論……………………………………………...........................…… 101
參考文獻…………………………………….......……………………………… 103

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