中 文 摘 要
近來，手機使用者希望藉由網路下載更多元的資訊之需求越來越
高。雖然現在的html網站可以藉由WAP (Wireless Application
Protocol) 提供的服務將網站轉換成WML(Wireless Markup
Language) ，但是，這樣的轉換過程並不如markup tags的轉換一
般容易。這篇論文旨在檢視遠距離使用通訊設備時，所可能遇到的
資訊轉換方面的相關問題。研究發現：將HTML檔案簡化為WML的確
會產生一些問題。透過圖表、超鍊結等資料的顯示，本研究試圖謀
求可能的解決方式。此外，本研究也建議後續研究可以朝“智慧型”
的自動轉換系統此一主題繼續探討。

ABSTRACT
Recently, wireless terminal users that want to a gain various information from www have been increased rapidly. Already-existing HTML applications can be converted into WML (Wireless Markup Language) applications for user on WAP (Wireless application Protocol) enabled devices[10], yet this process is not as simple as the alteration of the markup tags. This paper investigates the problems associated with the conversion process by examining the conversion of a functional information system that would be of benefit to its users when access from remote locations is required. This paper derails a number of problems discovered with the conversion of complex HTML[5] documents into simplified WML documents[4]. The major problems of displaying tabulated data, hyperlinks, navigational aids and user input are discussed, and described with possible solutions presented. The paper concludes by raising the issue of ‘intelligent’ automated HTML-to-WML conversion, a topic for future research.

Contents Page

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………… 1
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… 2
Research Motivation ………………………………………………………… 3
1. Introduction of HTML …………………………………………………… 4
1.1 What is HTML …………………………………………………………… 4
1.2 A brief history of HTML ………………………………………………… 4
1.3 HTML 4 …………………………………………………………………… 5
2. Introduction of WAP ……………………………………………………… 9
2.1 What is WAP ……………………………………………………………… 9
2.2 The Wireless Application Protocol………………………………………… 9
3. Introduction of WML ……………………………………………………… 10
3.1 What is WML ……………………………………………………………… 10
3.2 What is WMLScript ……………………………………………………… 10
3.3 Examples of WAP use …………………………………………………… 10
3.4 WML Decks and Cards …………………………………………………… 10
3.5 Example WML document ………………………………………………… 11
3.6 Example Explained ………………………………………………………… 15
4. HTML-WML Translator ………………………………………………… 19
4.1 HTML Analysis …………………………………………………………… 19
4.2 Layout Analysis …………………………………………………………… 23
5. HTML WML TAG TRANSLATOR …………………………………… 30
5.1 All of HTML Tags ………………………………………………………… 30
5.2 The Rule of Translating …………………………………………………… 31
6. WML divider ……………………………………………………………… 34
7. WML Parser ………………………………………………………………… 35
8. Sample of Translator ……………………………………………………… 37
9. Conclusions ………………………………………………………………… 41
References ……………………………………………………………………… 42


List of Figures and Table
Figure 3.1 Sample WML page …………………………………………… 11
Figure 4.1 HTML WML transrator constructure ………………………… 20
Figure 4.2 270*70 3.16KB 2.32KB WBMP image ……………………… 20
Figure 4.3 599*371 36.1KB 2.71 KB WBMP image …………………… 20
Figure 4.4 Header/content separation and reformatting approach ………… 22
Figure 4.5 Samlpe HTML document ……………………………………… 23
Figure 4.6 Simple conversion fo Fig 4.5 ………………………………… 23
Figure 4.7 Sample HTML page …………………………………………… 24
Figure 4.8 Simple conversion of Figure 4.7 ……………………………… 24
Figure 4.9 Frame type page ……………………………………………… 25
Figure 4.10 Source code of Frame page of Figure 4.9 ……………………… 25
Figure 4.11 conversion of Left frame page of Fig 4.9 ……………………… 26
Figure 4.12 conversion Right frame page of Fig 4.9 ……………………… 27
Figure 4.13 Table type ……………………………………………………… 28
Figure 4.14 analysis of table ………………………………………………… 29
Figure 4.15 conversion of Figure 4.13 ……………………………………… 29
Table 5.1 The rule of translating ………………………………………… 33
Figure 6.1 WML divider …………………………………………………… 34
Figure 7.1 WML Parser Structure ………………………………………… 35
Figure 8.1 Sample WML page translated from simple HTML page ……… 36
Figure 8.2 Sample WML page with picture ……………………………… 37
Figure 8.3 Sample WML file with frame ………………………………… 38
Figure 8.4 Sample WML page with table ………………………………… 39

[1] Soo Mee foo ,Beginning WAP, WML & WMLScript. “
[2] Pekka Niskanen “Inside WAP: Programming Applications with WML and WMLScript”
[3] Karl Avedal, Danny Ayers “Professional JSP : Using JavaServer Pages, Servlets, EJB, JNDI, JDBC, XML, XSLT, and WML”
[4] WAP Forum, WAP WML Wireless Markup Language Specification Ver 1.3, 19 Feb 2000
[5] W3C, “HTML 4.01 Specification.” http://www.w3.org/: World Web Consortium, 24 Dec 1999
[6] Nokia, “WML Reference Ver1.1”, http://www.forum.nokia.com/
[7] WAP Forum, “Wireless Application Environment Overview. Specification. “http://www.wapforum.org/: WAP Forum Ltd, 24 May 1999
[8] Ericsson http://www.ericsson.com/
[9] http://www.ayg.com/wap/ AnyWhereYouGo.com
[10] WAP Forum, “Wireless Application Protocol Architectre Specification.” http://www.wapforum.org/: WAP Forum Ltd, April 24, 2000
[11] Hyung-ki kang, Jae-Soo Yoo, “Design of the HTML-WML Translator”, Journal of the Research Institute for Computer and Information Communication, Vol. 8, No. 2, November 2000.
[12] WAP Forum, “Wireless Markup langage Scripts Specification”, http://www.wapforum.org/: WAP Forum Ltd, April 24, 2000
[13]Gingco Media, Tool Picture to Wbmp , http://www.gingco.de/wap/, April 2, 2002
[15] W3C, “XML 1.0 Specification”, http://www.w3c.org/: World Web Consortium,
3, April, 2002