摘 要

本論文以高雄港及其附近海域為對象進行研究，利用交錯流動過濾系統來分離海水中的膠態物質，希望能了解高雄港內及附近海域重金屬物種的分佈情形。研究項目包括重金屬存在物種含量及分佈、消化與否對物種含量及分析數據的影響，測站變異對重金屬存在物種的影響。
實驗結果顯示高雄附近海域中的TOC 濃度4.17 mg/L ∼7.17 mg/L。而重金屬濃度以鋅為最高(7.21 μg/L∼14.14 μg/L)，其次為錳(3.31 μg/L ∼11.73 μg/L)、銅(0.28 μg/L ∼7.57μg/L)、鉛(2.41 μg/L ∼4.41 μg/L)、鎳(1.78 μg/L ∼2.97 μg/L)。TOC 與各種重金屬的濃度都有離岸愈遠，濃度愈低的趨勢，因此可以推斷TOC 及重金屬的主要的來源應是以陸地為主。
高雄附近海域的重金屬物種分佈主要以測站不同而有所不同，銅：S1以顆粒態為主(67.5 ﹪)，S2及S3則以真溶解態為主(S2：56.7 ﹪、S3：89.9 ﹪)。錳：S1以真溶解態為主(56.3 ﹪)，S2及S3則是以顆粒態為主(S2：79.8 ﹪、S3：72.1 ﹪)。鎳：各測站皆以真溶解態為主(S1：66 ﹪、S2：79.7 ﹪、S3：84.6 ﹪)。鉛：S1、S3以真溶解態為主(S1：51.7 ﹪、S3：66.0 ﹪)，S2則是以顆粒態為主(63.5 ﹪)。鋅：S1以真溶解態為主(56.1 ﹪)，S2及S3 則以顆粒態為主(S2：68.1 ﹪、S3：59.6 ﹪)，而膠態物質分佈則是離岸愈遠，總量百分比愈低(TOC ：1.7 ﹪ ∼8.5 ﹪、Cu ：1.3 ﹪∼3.3 ﹪、Mn ：0.2 ﹪∼0.6 ﹪、Ni ：1.3 ﹪∼24.9 ﹪、Pb ：0.4 ﹪∼17.8 ﹪、Zn ：0.6 ﹪∼6.6 ﹪)。
膠態物質佔原溶解態的百分比也有隨著離岸距離增加而減少的現象，其中以鎳為最高(27.4 ﹪)，其次為鉛(25.6 ﹪)、Cc(10.7 ﹪)、鋅(10.5 ﹪)、銅(10.1 ﹪)、錳(1.1 ﹪)，可知除了錳以外，膠態物質在近岸都佔了原溶解態中相當的比例，但是在原溶解態中仍是以真溶解態為主。
在比較不同地區的膠態物種分布係數(Kc)後可發現，高雄附近海域的Kc 值較Galveston Bay 地區為低。

Abstract

Studies of phase speciation of trace metals were conducted in Kaohsiung harbor and coastal areas in April and May 2002. Water samples were collected from three different sampling stations to study the spatial distribution of metal species. Colloidal and truly dissolved subsamples were observed by cross-flow filtration treatment.
The results show that TOC of seawater samples ranged from 4.17 mg/L to 7.17 mg/L. For trace metals, zinc had the highest concentration(7.21 μg/L ∼14.14 μg/L), followed by manganese(3.31 μg/L ∼ 11.73 μg/L), copper(0.28 μg/L ∼ 7.57 μg/L), lead(2.41 μg/L ∼ 4.41 μg/L), nickel(1.78 μg/L ∼ 2.97 μg/L). Highest concentrations of TOC and metals were observed in Kaohsiung harbor(S1), and the values decreased in the order of S1 ＞ S2 ＞ S3.
Distribution of phase speciation of trace metals varied with location. Nickel existed in truly dissolved phase predominately(66 ﹪at S1, 79.7 ﹪at S2 and 84.6 ﹪at S3). For the other metals, either particle or truly dissolved phase was the major species at each sampling station. For zinc, 56.1 ﹪at S1 was in truly dissolved phase, 68.1 ﹪at S2 and 59.6 ﹪ at S3 were in particulate phase. For copper, 67.5 ﹪at S1 was in particulate phase, 56.7 ﹪at S2 and 89.9 ﹪at S3 were in truly dissolved phase. For manganese, 56.3 ﹪at S1 was in truly dissolved phase, 79.8 ﹪at S2 and 72.1 ﹪at S3 were in particulate phase. For lead, 51.7 ﹪at S1 and 66.0 ﹪at S3 were in truly dissolved phase, 63.5 ﹪at S2 was in particulate phase.
The percentages of TOC and metals in colloidal phase of the filter-passing pool were low at all sampling stations and decreased in the order of S1 ＞ S2 ＞ S3. They were found predominately in truly dissolved fraction. The results also show that Kaohsiung harbor (S1) had the highest percentage of colloidal fraction, followed by coastal water (S2), open sea (S3).
Values of partition coefficient between colloids and true solution(Kc ) in the Kaohsiung harbor and nearby coastal areas were lower than the Kc values observed in Galveston Bay during July 1995.

目錄

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………..I

英文摘要……………………………………………………………………...III

目錄……………………………………………………………………………V

圖目錄………………………………………………………………………..VII

表目錄………………………………………………………………………...IX

壹、前言……………………………………………………………………..1
一、研究緣起………………………………………………………… 1
二、研究海域背景資料………………………………………………...3
貳、材料與方法……………………………………………………………...7
一、藥品與儀器…………………………………………………………7
二、實驗器材的清洗……………………………………………………11
三、水樣採集及處理……………………………………………………11
四、樣品保存……………………………………………………………19
五、樣品分析…………………………………………………………….19
六、汞燈消化實驗……………………………………………………….20
七、品保和品管………………………………………………………….20
參、結果………………………………………………………………………24
一、基本水文資料……………………………………………………… 24
二、總有機碳…………………………………………………………….24
三、重金屬……………………………………………………………….30
肆、討論………………………………………………………………………49
一、CFF 的濃縮效果及breakthrough現象…………………………….49
二、總有機碳…………………………………………………………….49
三、消化前後重金屬物種分佈及差異………………………………….53
四、分布係數…………………………………………………………….62
伍、結論………………………………………………………………………66

陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………68

陸、參考文獻

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