電極是發電反應的場所，其製作足以影響整個電池的性能，本研究建立一套穩定的自動化電極製程與相關設備，降低電極製程上的不穩定性。
更進一步發展電噴灑(Electrospray)技術來噴灑觸媒，減少團聚的現象。實驗結果顯示以電噴灑方式製作觸媒層，可將電極性能提升約37%。利用AFM及TEM觀察觸媒顆粒大小，電噴灑確實有效的將包含Nafion的聚合物分散，而以SEM觀察，其觸媒附著於碳布表面的顆粒較為細小均勻，顯然提高了觸媒利用率，這些都可解釋其性能提升的原因。

Electrode is where electricity is generated. Its quality is important to the entire battery performance. In this study, we are going to establish a stable and automatic process for making electrodes as well as required equipment. By this way, the instability in the electrode process can be improved.
Electrospray technology is developed to spray the catalyst and reduce the agglomeration. It is shown that the electrode performance is 37% better than before after electrospray is adopted for producing catalyst layer. If we check the catalyst grains by AFM and TEM, we can find that the electrospray does scatter the polymers containing Nafion effectively. Under SEM, the catalyst grains are small and well proportioned on the carbon cloth. Obviously, catalysts are better utilized. All of the above can be used to explain the performance boost.

目錄
目錄............................................................................................................. I
圖目錄........................................................................................................V
摘要.......................................................................................................... IX
Abstract ......................................................................................................X
第一章 緒論...............................................................................................1
1.1 前言...............................................................................................1
1.2 燃料電池的種類...........................................................................2
第二章 PEMFC 介紹................................................................................5
2.1 PEMFC 的工作原理.....................................................................5
2.2 PEMFC 的架構.............................................................................5
2.2.1 質子交換膜.........................................................................6
2.2.2 電極.....................................................................................7
2.2.3 雙極板.................................................................................8
第三章 影響燃料電池性能之因素..........................................................9
3.1 燃料電池的極化現象...................................................................9
3.2 產生極化的原因...........................................................................9
3.3 研究動機與目的........................................................................ 10
3.4 文獻回顧..................................................................................... 10
第四章 實驗設備介紹與電極製作........................................................16
4.1 實驗材料.................................................................................... 16
4.2 實驗設備.................................................................................... 17
4.3 氣壓噴灑系統的架設................................................................ 21
4.4 電噴灑原理及運作.................................................................... 22
4.4.1 電噴灑原理.......................................................................22
4.4.2 電噴灑霧化模式...............................................................24
4.4.3 電噴灑系統的架設...........................................................25
4.4.4 穩定電噴灑霧化的各項操作條件...................................25
4.5 電極的製作................................................................................ 27
4.5.1 氣體擴散層的製作............................................................27
4.5.2 觸媒層的製作...................................................................28
4.6 MEA 製作過程........................................................................... 28
4.6.1 質子交換膜的處理...........................................................28
4.6.2 MEA 熱壓..........................................................................29
4.7 電池性能的量測........................................................................ 30
4.7.1 電池的規格.......................................................................30
4.7.2 電池排水裝置...................................................................30
4.7.3 燃料氣體...........................................................................31
4.7.4 性能量測...........................................................................31
第五章 實驗結果與分析........................................................................33
5.1 手動噴槍噴灑與氣壓噴灑系統其製作之電極的比較........... 33
5.2 探討氣壓噴灑與電噴灑觸媒的顆粒大小............................... 34
5.2.1 AFM 及TEM 試片的準備................................................34
5.2.2 以AFM 觀察氣壓噴灑與電噴灑觸媒的顆粒大小........34
5.2.3 以TEM 觀察氣壓噴灑與電噴灑觸媒的顆粒大小........35
5.3 氣壓噴灑與電噴灑製作之電極的比較................................... 35
5.3.1 兩種電極觸媒層結構的不同噴塗製作方式..................36
5.3.2 兩種不同噴塗方式的觸媒層結構與厚度......................36
5.3.3 氣壓噴灑與電噴灑製作之電極的性能比較..................37
5.3.4 僅陰極或陽極觸媒層以電噴灑製作..............................37
5.4 使用電噴灑製作微孔層對電極性能的影響........................... 38
5.4.1 使用電噴灑製作微孔層...................................................38
5.4.2 觀察電噴灑製作微孔層的表面形貌..............................39
5.4.3 電噴灑的方法製作微孔層之電極的性能比較..............39
5.5 以電噴灑製作觸媒層無Nafion 對電極性能的影響.............. 40
第六章 結論與建議................................................................................41
6.1 結論............................................................................................ 41
6.2 建議............................................................................................ 41
參考文獻...................................................................................................43
圖目錄
圖2.1 PEMFC 的工作原理示意圖.........................................................46
圖3.1 燃料電池極化曲線.......................................................................46
圖4.1 高壓電源供應器..........................................................................47
圖4.2 注射式幫浦..................................................................................47
圖4.3 注射針...........................................................................................48
圖4.4 雙軸微步進馬達控制器..............................................................48
圖4.5 X-Y 精密移動平台.......................................................................49
圖4.6 Visual Basic 6 軟體程式...............................................................49
圖4.7 三通接頭......................................................................................50
圖4.8 超音波震盪機..............................................................................50
圖4.9 自動噴槍......................................................................................51
圖4.10 噴槍.............................................................................................51
圖4.11 布涅爾氏硬度試驗機.................................................................52
圖4.12 磁力加熱攪拌器........................................................................52
圖4.13 立體顯微鏡................................................................................53
圖4.14 電子秤........................................................................................54
圖4.15 直流電子負載............................................................................54
圖4.16 三用電錶....................................................................................55
圖4.17 MEA 熱壓模組............................................................................55
圖4.18 熱處理模組設備........................................................................56
圖4.19 氣壓噴灑系統示意圖................................................................56
圖4.20 噴灑路徑示意圖........................................................................57
圖4.21 泰勒錐示意圖............................................................................58
圖4.22 溶液揮發與液滴再爆裂示意圖................................................58
圖4.23 電噴灑霧化模式........................................................................59
圖4.24 電噴灑系統示意圖....................................................................59
圖4.25 三通接頭組裝............................................................................60
圖4.26 MEA 的組裝................................................................................60
圖4.27 MEA 熱壓完成後黏上矽膠墊片...............................................61
圖4.28 石墨雙極板流道設計圖............................................................61
圖4.29 電池組分解圖............................................................................62
圖4.30 陰極出口排水用的密封容器....................................................62
圖4.31 陰極排水裝置............................................................................63
圖5.1 手動噴槍噴灑與氣壓噴灑系統製作電極性能圖比較..............63
圖5.2 以AFM 觀察氣壓噴灑觸媒顆粒大小........................................64
圖5.3 以光學顯微鏡觀察氣壓噴灑觸媒顆粒大小..............................64
圖5.4 以AFM 觀察電噴灑觸媒顆粒大小............................................65
圖5.5 以TEM 觀察氣壓噴灑觸媒顆粒大小........................................65
圖5.6 以TEM 觀察電噴灑觸媒顆粒大小............................................66
圖5.7 MEA 1 陰極及陽極皆以氣壓噴灑製作觸媒層..........................66
圖5.8 MEA 2 陰極及陽極皆以電噴灑製作觸媒層...............................67
圖5.9 氣壓噴灑製作觸媒層結構..........................................................67
圖5.10 電噴灑製作觸媒層結構............................................................68
圖5.11 氣壓噴灑觸媒層厚度.................................................................68
圖5.12 電噴灑觸媒層厚度....................................................................69
圖5.13 以SEM 觀察氣壓噴灑觸媒層表面形貌..................................69
圖5.14 以SEM 觀察電噴灑觸媒層表面形貌......................................70
圖5.15 氣壓噴灑與電噴灑製作觸媒層之性能比較............................70
圖5.16 僅陰極觸媒層以電噴灑製作之MEA 製程.............................71
圖5.17 僅陽極觸媒層以電噴灑製作之MEA 製程.............................71
圖5.18 以電噴灑製作陰極或陽極觸媒層性能之比較........................72
圖5.19 以電噴灑製作陰極微孔層與陰陽兩極觸媒層........................72
圖5.20 電噴灑製作之微孔層(1 mg/cm2) ..............................................73
圖5.21 電噴灑製作之微孔層(0.5 mg/cm2) ...........................................73
圖5.22 微孔層以電噴灑製作之MEA 性能圖.....................................74
圖5.23 電噴灑製作無Nafion 觸媒層電極性能之比較.......................74
表4.1 微孔層(MPL)溶液不同的操作電壓與液體流率.......................75
表4.2 觸媒溶液不同的操作電壓與液體流率......................................75

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