基質輔助雷射脫附游離質譜法(MALDI)是利用基質分子在雷射轟擊下，吸收並傳遞能量到分析物上，使分析物脫附並游離，可以克服過去傳統游離源對大分子化合物分析上的限制，像是無法氣化或是產生碎裂等問題，可以完整的游離出蛋白質、DNA等大分子。MALDI除了可以游離出大分子外，再搭配飛行時間式質量偵測器(TOF)，便可達到快速、靈敏度高的分析，也使得質譜成為了分析蛋白質等大分子很有利的工具。但是由於有機基質分子的使用，而使得MALDI在分析上往往在低質量區域有很強的干擾，及再現性不佳的缺點。因此近年來許多無機奈米材料被用來取代有機基質，以避免基質造成的影響。
本論文第一部分是使用鉑奈米粒子作為基質，利用其在UV-vis範圍可以吸收紫外光，有大表面積/體積比，且在大氣條件下很穩定的性質，用來作為基質以偵測cyclodextrin及一些胜肽等生化分子，並利用鉑和硫之間的共價鍵將含硫的分子修飾在奈米粒子表面，以幫助分析物的游離。並在尿液及血漿樣品中添加(spike)胜肽分子，在加入鉑奈米粒子後利用鉑奈米粒子吸附分析物使訊號變強。在蛋白質分子上，由於無法直接游離出分子量10000以上的分子，因此和有機基質以co-matrix及affinity probe的方法，以改善偵測的訊號。
第二部分是利用硫化鉛量子點，在波長330 nm附近有吸收峰，因此能有效的的吸收波長337 nm的雷射，作為基質偵測小的生化分子，並藉由改變溶液pH值來觀察對分析結果的影響，並對valinomycin做校正曲線。並以co-matrix及affinity probe的分法對蛋白質分子進行分析。

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摘要 I
目錄 III
圖表目錄 VII
壹、序論 1
1-1 質譜儀(Mass Spectrometry)簡介 1
1-2. 基質輔助雷射脫附游離質譜法 2
1-3. Desorption Ionization On Silicon (DIOS) 4
1-4. 溶膠-凝膠(Sol-gel)法 5
1-5. Surface Enhance Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) 6
1-6. 奈米材料 7
1-7. 鉑奈米粒子 9
1-8 .硫化鉛量子點 9
1-9. 研究目標 9
貳、功能性鉑奈米粒子在雷射脫附質譜法上的應用 11
2-1. 實驗部分 11
2-1-1. 樣品及修飾化合物 11
2-1-2. 藥品： 13
2-1-3. 儀器： 15
2-1-4 以NaBH4為還原劑製備鉑奈米粒子 27： 16
2-1-5. 鉑奈米粒子的修飾20： 17
2-1-6. 以sodium citrate為還原劑製備鉑奈米粒子29 17
2-1-7. 樣品製備： 18
2-2. 結果與討論 19
2-2-1. 鉑奈米粒子的探討 19
2-2-2. 反應時間對鉑奈米粒子當作基質時的影響 22
2-2-3. 不同濃度鉑奈米粒子當作基質對訊號強度的影響 23
2-2-4. 溶液pH值對cyclodextrin分子訊號的影響 25
2-2-5. 以鉑奈米粒子當作基質對小分子生化樣品進行偵測 27
2-2-6. 鉑奈米粒子吸附分子數目計算 34
2-2-7. 以鉑奈米粒子當作基質對不同濃度的樣品進行偵測 36
2-2-8. 不同修飾的鉑奈米粒子的探討 38
2-2-9. 鉑奈米粒子上修飾分子數目計算 42
2-2-10. 以不同修飾的鉑奈米粒子當作基質，對cyclodextrin進行偵測 42
2-2-11. 以不同還原劑合成的鉑奈米粒子作為基質 44
2-2-12. 以鉑奈米粒子對真實樣品進行分析 47
2-2-13. 以鉑奈米粒子當作基質偵測蛋白質 50
2-2-14. 以鉑奈米粒子及有機分子為co-matrix對蛋白質進行分析 53
2-2-15. 以鉑奈米粒子作為affinity probe對蛋白質進行偵測 54
2-3. 結論 56
参、硫化鉛量子點輔助雷射脫附游離質譜法在蛋白質及小分子化合物的應用 58
3-1. 實驗部分 58
3-1-1. 樣品及修飾化合物 58
3-1-2. 藥品： 58
3-1-3. 儀器：(樣品製備方法與鉑奈米粒子相同) 60
3-1-4. 硫化鉛量子點的合成 31： 60
3-1-5. 樣品製備 63
3-2. 結果與討論 63
3-2-1. 硫化鉛量子點的探討 63
3-2-2. 硫化鉛量子點上修飾分子數目計算 67
3-2-3. 反應時間(incubation time)對訊號大小的影響 68
3-2-4. 硫化鉛量子點為基質偵測小分子生化樣品 73
3-2-5. 硫化鉛量子點吸附分析物數目計算 80
3-2-6. 以硫化鉛量子點為基質偵測蛋白質分子 80
3-2-7. pH對硫化鉛量子點當基質時的影響 81
3-2-8. 鹽類干擾對硫化鉛量子點當基質的影響 89
3-2-9. 以硫化鉛量子點為基質對不同濃度的生化樣品進行分析 90
3-2-10. 以硫化鉛量子點和有機基質為co-matrix偵測蛋白質樣品 91
3-2-11. 以硫化鉛量子點為affinity probe對蛋白質進行偵測 92
3-3. 結論 95
肆、總結 97
伍、參考文獻 98

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