高雄港曾位居世界第三大港，雖今年首次退出十大港排名內，但仍為台灣第一大港。由於港內貨櫃船往來頻繁，且建有多個造、修船廠及漁港，係造成港內有機錫污染之主因，但有機錫污染對港外近岸海域的生態環境之影響仍有待評估。本研究針對港外近岸海域底質及底棲生物體內有機錫含量進行分析，以了解高雄港旗津附近海域底質及底棲生物體內有機錫之分布及其污染程度。此區底棲生物優勢種計有毛扭法螺、球織紋螺、婆羅門赤對蝦、銀光梭子蟹及矛形梭子蟹等五種。
高雄港旗津附近海域各測站底質中有機錫化合物濃度分佈，以單
丁基錫(MBT)及二丁基錫(DBT)最為普遍，MBT 含量介於5.4∼17.9
ng /g wet wt as tin ，DBT 含量介於9.5∼12.5 ng /g wet wt as tin ，三
丁基錫(TBT)僅一站檢出，其濃度為8.7 ng /g wet wt as tin 。毛扭法
螺、球織紋螺、婆羅門赤對蝦、銀光梭子蟹及矛形梭子蟹體內皆有累
積有機錫化合物的情形。毛扭法螺體內有機錫化合物中MBT 含量介
於96.2∼563.3 ng /g wet wt as tin ，DBT 含量介於8.2∼81.6 ng /g wet wt as tin ，TBT 含量介於ND∼112.6 ng /g wet wt as tin ；球織紋螺體
內有機錫化合物MBT 含量介於40.1∼178.2 ng /g wet wt as tin ，DBT
含量介於14.4∼32.0 ng /g wet wt as tin ，TBT含量介於12.4∼217.7 ng /g wet wt as tin ；銀光梭子蟹體內MBT含量介於22.1∼374.1 ng /g wet
wt as tin ，DBT 含量介於ND∼314.0 ng /g wet wt as tin ， TBT 含量
介於3.0∼181.2 ng /g wet wt as tin ；矛形梭子蟹體內MBT 含量介於
25.7∼444.3 ng /g wet wt as tin ，DBT 含量介於10.0∼151.6 ng /g wet
wt as tin ，TBT 含量介於5.5∼92.1 ng /g wet wt as tin ；婆羅門赤對
蝦體內體內MBT 含量介於14.0∼195.9 ng /g wet wt as tin ，DBT 含
量介於5.2∼66.9 ng /g wet wt as tin ，TBT 含量介於3.7∼37.0 ng /g
wet wt as tin 。
五種生物，其丁基錫含量皆隨著體型增加而有減少的趨勢。婆羅
門赤對蝦其體內有機錫含量無顯著季節變化，各測站間有機錫含量也
無顯著變化；銀光梭子蟹以及矛型梭子蟹其體內有機錫含量，在
2008/1 及2008/4 二季較高。參考國外相關文獻發現，高雄港近岸海域底質有機錫含量低於葡
萄牙與西班牙主要港口的近岸底質，相較之下高雄港近岸海域污染並
不嚴重。銀光梭子蟹以及矛型梭子蟹其分佈性最為廣泛，且遷移性低
於分佈也廣的婆羅門赤對蝦，雖二種螺類的移動性更低、且易累積較
多的有機錫化合物，但其分佈及數量有限，不足以代表整個區域，則
銀光梭子蟹以及矛型梭子蟹較能代表該站濃度，是較具指標性的。

Kaohsiung Harbor used to be the third largest harbor of the world ,
and also the biggest one in Taiwan at present. Even though it’s not in the
list of ten biggest harbors now, a lot of ship around the world comes
frequently. There are also several shipyards and fishing ports in the area
of Kaohsiung Harbor, it’s horrible that the harbor area is polluted by
organotin compound pollutant. .
Following are five major benthic organisms: Distorsio reticularis,
Niotha conoidalis, Metapenaeopsis palmensis, Portunus argentatus and
Portunus hastatoides. .
Monobutyltin(MBT) is almost detected in the sediment of all the
stations, and the concentration is between 5.4 and 17.9 ng /g wet wt as tin.
Dibutyltin(DBT) is detected in the sediment of all the station, and the
concentration is between 9.5 and 12.5 ng /g wet wt as tin. Tributyltin
(TBT) is just detected at station D2 with the concentration of 8.7 ng /g
wet wt as tin. The organotin in Distorsio reticularis, Niotha conoidalis,
Metapenaeopsis palmensis, Portunus argentatus and Portunus
hastatoides are obviously accumulated. In Distorsio reticularis, the
concentration of TBT is between ND and 112.6 ng /g wet wt as tin. In
Niotha conoidalis, the concentration of TBT is between 12.4 and 217.7
ng /g wet wt as tin, in Portunus argentatus, is between 3.0 and 3.4 and inPortunus hastatoides is between 5.5 and 92.1, in Metapenaeopsis
palmensis, is between 3.7 and 37.0. In all station, monobutyltin is the
main composition of butyltins; TBT concentration is almost less than 100
ng /g wet wt as tin. The concentration of butyltins in all the five major benthic organisms decreases with the increasing sample size. There
wasn’t significant variation for organotin concentrations in
Metapenaeopsis palmensis collected from each stationsand seasons. The
concentration of Portunus argentatus and Portunus hastatoides is higher in
April 2008 and January 2008 than in other months.
According to many study, the content of organotins in sediment
around coastal areas out of harbor is obviously less than other coastal
areas of large-scale harbors (Lisbon, Sines, Sagres, Huelva, Cadiz and
Trafalgar). The organotin contamination around coastal areas out of
harbor is not serious. Base on estimation of amounts, distributions and
contents of organotin in organisms, Portunus argentatus and Portunus
hastatoides are better bethic organisms than Distorsio reticularis, Niotha
conoidalis, and Metapenaeopsis palmensis in all the depth and area. The
amount is also huge that Portunus argentatus and Portunus hastatoides
are the best indicator organism for this area.

中文摘要..................................................................................................... I
英文摘要...................................................................................................III
目錄............................................................................................................V
表目錄..................................................................................................... VII
圖目錄....................................................................................................VIII
壹、前言.....................................................................................................1
一、有機錫化合物之特性、用途與使用情形........................................1
二、有機錫化合物對環境的污染和影響................................................4
三、世界各國對有機錫的管制情形......................................................13
四、研究目的……………………………………………………...........14
貳、材料與方法......................................................................................15
一、藥品與溶液製備..............................................................................15
(一)藥品部分............................................................................................15
(二)試劑水................................................................................................16
(三)試藥配製............................................................................................16
二、儀器設備與實驗器材......................................................................18
三、採樣方法...........................................................................................19
四、分析方法...........................................................................................22
(一)樣品處理............................................................................................22
(二)沉積物中有機錫化合物的分析方法................................................23
(三)生物體內有機錫化合物的分析方法................................................23
(四)檢量線製作........................................................................................26
(五)方法偵測極限....................................................................................26
(六)回收率................................................................................................27參、結果...................................................................................................28
一、有機錫分析......................................................................................28
(一)生物體乾、溼重之關係....................................................................28
(二)層析圖譜............................................................................................28
(三)檢量線製作........................................................................................32
(四)數據處理............................................................................................37
(五)方法偵測極限....................................................................................39
(六)添加回收率........................................................................................41二、沉積物部份......................................................................................43
三、生物體部份......................................................................................46
(一)毛扭法螺............................................................................................48
(二)球織紋螺............................................................................................53
(三)銀光梭子蟹........................................................................................58
(四)矛形梭子蟹........................................................................................65
(五)婆羅門赤對蝦....................................................................................73
肆、討論...................................................................................................80
一、實驗分析方法..................................................................................80
二、沉積物部份......................................................................................81
三、生物體部份......................................................................................82
(一)有機錫含量與與體長及溼重之關係................................................82
(二)測站間有機錫含量之關係................................................................83
(三)有機錫含量與季節之關係................................................................85
(四)主要調查物種體內丁基錫含量組成………………………….…..85
(五)苯基錫之含量…………………………………………...…………86
(六)有機錫污染指標生物之評估……………………………………...86伍、結論...................................................................................................90
陸、參考文獻...........................................................................................92
附錄一、高雄港旗津附近海域主要底棲生物的介紹..........................97
附錄二、實驗數據…………………………………………………….103表一、有機錫化合物的主要用途............................................................3
表二、台灣地區近年來進口有機錫化合物數量表................................5
表三、環境中有機錫化合物污染來源....................................................7
表四、各測站座標及深度表..................................................................21
表五、執行有機錫分析之GC-FPD 操作條件.....................................24
表六、生物體乾濕重換算公式表..........................................................29
表七、金屬錫原子量及各種氯化有機錫分子量..................................38
表八、有機錫化合物分析方法偵測極限..............................................40
表九、有機錫添加回收率試驗結果......................................................42
表十、各測站沉積物之丁基錫含量…………………………………...44
表十一、各測站生物體數量..................................................................47
表十二、毛扭法螺有機錫含量..............................................................49
表十三、各測站毛扭法螺內丁基錫含量差異分析..............................52
表十四、球織紋螺有機錫含量..............................................................54
表十五、各測站球織紋螺內丁基錫含量差異分析..............................57
表十六、銀光梭子蟹體內有機錫含量..................................................59
表十七、各測站銀光梭子蟹內丁基錫含量差異分析..........................63
表十八、矛形梭子蟹體內丁基錫含量..................................................67
表十九、各測站矛形梭子蟹內丁基錫含量差異分析……………..…71
表二十、婆羅門赤對蝦體內丁基錫含量…………………….…..……74
表二十一、各測站婆羅門赤對蝦丁基錫含量差異分析………………78圖一、有機錫化合物合成流程圖............................................................2
圖二、有機錫化合物進入環境之途徑及其降解之示意圖....................6
圖三、氯化三丁基錫與氯化三苯基錫的分解過程..............................11
圖四、高雄港附近海域各測站地理位置示意圖..................................20
圖五、生物體乾重與濕重關係圖(a)毛扭法螺；(b)球織紋螺；
(c)銀光梭子蟹；(d)矛形梭子蟹；(e)婆羅門赤對蝦.................30
圖六、乙基化有機錫化合物之GC-FPD 層析圖譜.............................31
圖七、分析沉積物中丁基錫化合物之檢量線…………………………33
圖八、分析沉積物中苯基錫化合物之檢量線…………………………34
圖九、分析生物體內丁基錫化合物之檢量線…………………………35
圖十、分析生物體內苯基錫化合物之檢量線…………………………36
圖十一、各測站底泥有機錫含量百分比..............................................45
圖十二、各測站毛扭法螺體內有機錫含量百分比..............................50
圖十三、各測站毛扭法螺體內有機錫含量以體長關係圖..................51
圖十四、各測站毛扭法螺體內有機錫含量以溼重關係圖..................51
圖十五、各測站球織紋螺體內有機錫含量百分比..............................55
圖十六、球織紋螺體內丁基錫含量與其殼長之關係圖......................56
圖十七、球織紋螺體內丁基錫含量與其溼重之關係圖......................56
圖十八、各季節測站間銀光梭子蟹體內有機錫含量百分比…………61
圖十九、雌雄個體銀光梭子蟹體內總丁基錫含量與體長關係圖……61
圖二十、銀光梭子蟹體內丁基錫含量及體長關係圖..........................62
圖二十一、銀光梭子蟹體內丁基錫含量及溼重關係圖......................62
圖二十二、各季節測站間矛形梭子蟹體內有機錫含量百分比………69
圖二十三、雌雄個體矛形梭子蟹體內總丁基錫含量與體長關係圖…69
圖二十四、矛形梭子蟹體內丁基錫含與體長關係圖…………………70
圖二十五、矛形梭子蟹體內丁基錫含與溼重關係圖…………………70
圖二十六、各季節測站間婆羅門赤對蝦體內有機錫含量百分比……76
圖二十七、婆羅門赤對蝦體內丁基錫含量與體長關係圖……………77
圖二十八、婆羅門赤對蝦體內丁基錫含量與溼重關係圖……………77
圖二十九、三丁基錫於不同環境基質中之濃度範圍分佈圖…………89

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