鋁合金板完軋後，板材內部會產生不均勻的殘留應力，導致板材產生缺陷如邊波浪、中間波浪等，通常需經由拉伸矯直製程來修正板形。本論文主要目的在希望藉由數值模擬拉伸矯直過程，對完拉鋁板的尺寸和殘留應力分佈能有所了解。
本研究利用有限元素法做為模擬的基礎理論，建構經過輥軋後有一個邊波浪的板材3D 模型，模擬實際鋁板拉伸矯直的過程，藉由改變拉伸率和輥軋完的鋁板殘留應力大小及分佈，探討經拉伸矯直後的殘留應力分佈情形和鋁板平整度的改善情況。
模擬結果顯示平板經拉伸矯直後，在波浪區可消除90%以上的殘留應力，平坦區也可達80%，而在平坦區殘留應力分佈比波浪區均勻。波浪區的輥軋後殘留應力值會影響波浪處波峰位置最後的翹曲量與波浪區的應力消除率，但對板寬和殘留應變沒有顯著影響；平板區的輥軋後殘留應力值僅對平板區的應力消除率有影響。拉伸率會影響板材的平整度、寬度、應力消除率和最大殘留應力值，拉伸率越高平整度越佳，但殘留應變就越高，會導致可用板材範圍越少。

When an aluminum alloy plate after rolling, non-uniform residual stress distributions existed inside the plate and defects, such as edge wave, middle wave, of the plate will be induced. Usually, a levelling process will be adopted to modify the plate flatness. By numerically simulating the tension levelling process, the purpose of this thesis is to understand the final dimensions and the residual stress distribution of the aluminum plate subjected to the tension levelling process.
This study used the finite element method as the basic theory of the numerical simulation. A 3-D model of a cold-rolled plate with a side wave, subjected to tension levelling process was constructed. Then, the effects of the variations of the tensile ratio and residual stress distribution after rolled on the residual stress distribution after levelling and the improvement of flatness were studied.
The simulation results showed that in the wave region, the tension levelling process could eliminate more than 90% of the residual stress, in the flat region was up to 80%.Also, after leveling, the residual stress distribution in the flat region was more uniform than the wave region. After-rolled residual stresses at the wave region affected the final peak position of the wave and the stress eliminated ratio of the wave region, but showed no significant effect on the final plate width and the residual strains. After-rolled residual stresses at the flat region affected the stress elimination ratio of the flat region only. The tensile ratio would affect the plate flatness, the plate width, stress elimination ratio, and the maximum residual stress. The higher of the tensile ratio, the more flatness of the plate would be obtained, but the higher residual strain would be induced and caused the lesser range of available plate.

誌 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
表 次 vi
圖 次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.2.2 輥軋矯直 4
1.2.3 拉伸探討 6
1.3本文架構 8
第二章 研究方法 15
2.1 模擬軟體說明 15
2.2 模型性質 16
2.2.1幾何建立 16
2.2.2 材料性質 17
2.3網格設定 17
2.4模擬條件假設 17
2.4.1 假設條件 17
2.4.2 初始條件 18
2.4.2.1 鋁板平坦區殘留應力 18
2.4.2.2 鋁板波浪區殘留應力 18
2.4.3 邊界條件設定與接觸設定 21
2.4.4 負載設定 21
2.5 求解設定 21
第三章 結果與討論 31
3.1 收斂性分析 31
3.2 驗證模擬 32
3.3模擬結果分析 33
3.3.1矯直後的鋁板變形變化 33
3.3.2矯直後的鋁板應力變化 35
3.3.3矯直後的鋁板應變變化 36
3.3.4 拉伸率對鋁板矯直之影響 37
第四章 結論與未來展望 64
4.1結論 64
4.2未來展望 65
參考文獻 67
附錄(A) 72
附錄(B) 80

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