有許多的資料顯示，地下水入海 (Submarine Groundwater Discharge，簡稱：SGD)可能輸送大量的營養鹽進入沿岸海域。但有關於地下水入海的觀測資料卻十分的缺少，為了了解台灣地區的地下水入海現象，於2004年5月開始了本研究，並且持續進行到2006年6月。期間使用地下水採樣器、流量罩以及Lee type滲流儀進行樣品採集、測量流量。
本研究環繞台灣共有20個採樣地點，其中於枋山站更取得鹽度為0.22之樣品。在20個測站中，林園、大福、頭城、東汕、南灣等五個無法測得地下水入海訊號。其中林園、東汕獲知是因為超抽地下水、海水入侵，所以無法採得SGD：另外3個則是無法取得明顯SGD。因此，在台灣大部分的地區，SGD的現象可能是普遍存在的。根據研究，全台灣的地下水平均滲出量為1.00 ± 0.77 L/m2/hr。
另外一個部份是研究地下水入海的時間變化，方法為在西子灣與柴山沿岸進行長期的採樣觀測。於2004/8~2006/6的觀測期間，於岸邊海水淹沒位置上，得到鹽度較當地海水低的樣品，取得之SGD樣品中鹽度最低為0.01。可以確定台灣在地下水超抽情形十分嚴重的情形下，依舊有地下水入海的現象發生。長期觀測結果SGD樣品的無機氮、磷酸鹽、矽酸鹽樣品平均濃度分別為48.6±86.3 (n=85)、0.78±1.26 (n=110)、55.1±39.8 (n=110)

A preliminary study shows that Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) exists around Taiwan even though groundwater overdrawing is serious. Only five of the 20 sites studied did not record any SGD signal. Two nearly fresh SGD samples were obtained, providing strong and direct evidence for the existence of SGD in Taiwan.
SGD is the submarine seepage of all fluids from coastal sediments into the overlying coastal areas. It has been well documented that SGD may contribute much nutrients to the coasts (Burnett et al.,2001, 2003; Church, 1996; Taniguchi et al., 2002; Zhang and Satake, 2002). Because of its difficulty in measurement, there are few reports on the characteristics of groundwater seepage, such as the flow rate and the water chemistry. In Taiwan, the only report was published in the Japanese journal Geochemistry (Chen et al. , 2005 ).
In this study, samples were collected monthly from May, 2004 to June, 2006 at Xiziwan and Caishan in Kaohsiung. A flux chamber was also used in the observation of the SGD seepage rates. Further, samples were collected from 20 different places around Taiwan.
The SGD collecting device, the SGD-Flux chamber and the Lee type seepage meter (Zhang et al., 2005) were used in this study, the latter being the first time used to explore the SGD flux in Taiwan. Salinity, dissolved oxygen saturation (%), nutrients (NO3, NO2, PO4, SiO2, NH3), total alkalinity, pH and major ions were analyzed.
We averaged all seepage rate data at Xiziwan and Caishan to estimated the SGD seepage rate at about 1.32±1.57 L/m2/hr. The average concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (NO3+NO2+NH3), PO4 and SiO2 are, respectively, 48.6±86.3 (n=85), 0.78±1.26 (n=110) and 55.1±39.8

目錄
致謝------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV
目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
圖目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IX

第一章 序論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章 採樣及研究方法
2.1 研究材料------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.1.1 研究區域------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.1.2 研究方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.2 實驗室之樣品分析方法-----------------------------------------------------------17
2.2.1 鹽度 (Salinity)-----------------------------------------------------------------17
2.2.2 溶氧 (DO%)--------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.2.3 酸鹼值 (pH) -------------------------------------------------------------- ----17
2.2.4 總鹼度 (TA) ----------------------------------------------------------------- -17
2.2.5 硝酸鹽 (NO3) -----------------------------------------------------------------18
2.2.6 亞硝酸鹽 (NO2) --------------------------------------------------------------18
2.2.7 磷酸鹽 (PO4) ------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.2.8 矽酸鹽 (SiO2) -----------------------------------------------------------------19
2.2.9 氨氮 (NH3) --------------------------------------------------------------------19
2.2.10 主要離子(major ions) --------------------------------------------------------19
2.2.11 總二氧化碳(TCO2)與二氧化碳分壓(pCO2) -----------------------------19

第三章 結果與討論
3.1 全台普測------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1.1 成果簡述------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1.2 各水質參數詳述---------------------------------------------------------------27
3.2 西子灣與柴山長期觀測---------------------------------------------------39
3.2.1 時間序列變化----------------------------------------------------------------39
3.2.2 各參數詳述---------------------------------------------------------------------43
3.2.3 季節性變化---------------------------------------------------------------------77
3.2.4 小結------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
3.3 滲漏儀測定---------------------------------------------------------------------92
3.3.1 地下水流量罩----------------------------------------------------------------92
3.3.2 Lee type滲流儀--------------- -----------------------------------------------96
3.3.3 小結----------------------------------------------------------------------------100
3.4 台灣地區SGD營養鹽入海估算------------------------------------------------102
第四章 結論---------------------------------------------------------------------------------111
對SGD未來研究的建議----------------------------------------------------------------------112
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------113
附錄一 全台普測SGD採樣樣品分析資料--------------------------------------------118
附錄二 西子灣地區SGD採樣樣品分析資料-----------------------------------------124
附錄二 柴山地區SGD採樣樣品分析資料--------------------------------------------133

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