聖嬰現象對全球氣候變遷所造成的影響是當今重要的議題，但是其對台灣氣候的影響尚不明顯，更難以釐清其與海洋或大氣之間的關係，因此值得我們進一步研究。台灣海峽連接南海與東海兩大邊緣海，是海水物質交換的重要通道，水流受到東亞季風的影響大：一般而言，冬季東北風強勁，海峽南部的暖水北流受限，但低溫、高營養鹽的長江沖淡水南下。聖嬰現象生發時，台灣北部春、秋兩季的南風減弱，長江沖淡水藉由北風加強向南傳送，海水表溫因此更為降低；夏季則呈現相反的現象。
新竹外海側線的溫鹽圖發現有黑潮水的高鹽現象，顯示黑潮水由台灣東北角繞入台灣海峽，此黑潮水在與台灣海峽北流水和冬天南下的長江沖淡水之間有鋒面存在。觀察台灣海峽北部航次的鋒面變化，發現受到長江沖淡水影響的春季及秋季在溫度較低時的鋒面較偏東，沒有受到長江沖淡水影響的夏天則較不明顯。此外，在相同月份聖嬰現象發生時鋒面皆有東移的現象，夏天更為明顯，且其受到長江沖淡水遺留和黑潮水的影響亦比正常年少。
台灣海峽北部正常年鋒面東側的鹽度由春季到冬季有逐漸降低的趨勢，受到黑潮水影響較大的春季其湧升訊號在鋒面以東，夏季到冬季皆恰好位於鋒面上。此外，比較三峽大壩蓄水前後對台灣海峽北部的NO3-+NO2-和PO4-濃度之影響，發現蓄水後的N/P比蓄水前略高。
N2O是溫室氣體之一，對全球氣候的影響甚大，而目前台灣附近河川湖泊及沿海等水體的N2O分佈較少有人研究。台灣海峽表水平均N2O濃度與海-氣通量（7.81±1.28nM；0.28±0.38μmol/m2/hr）均比南海（7.55±2.45 nM；0.21±0.27μmol/m2/hr）和西菲律賓（5.30±0.62nM；-0.20±0.25μmol/m2/hr）高。而菲律賓海是目前少數發現有N2O未飽和現象的海域。南海由於內部湧升較強，其N2OMax的深度（600~800m）較西菲律賓海（1000m）淺，此外，南海400-1000m附近有N2O異常高值，推測是來自大陸斜坡上沉積物脫硝後的釋放。將南海及西菲律賓海的N2O通量換算成等單位的二氧化碳通量，發現其所造成的溫室效應比CO2高了兩倍多。
聖嬰年間台灣海峽北部、西菲律賓海和南海的N2O皆有較低的現象，推測是聖嬰期間海水湧升減弱所致。此外，台灣河川湖泊和SGD（Submarine Groundwater Discharge）的平均N2O濃度分別為32.32±43.26nM、9.72±13.16 nM。

El Niño is now a focal point for global climate change research, but its influence on the Western Pacific is still uncertain. Taiwan Strait is an important pathway, which connects the South China Sea and the East China Sea, and is strongly influenced by the monsoon. Generally, in winter, the strong winter monsoon brings the cold and nutrient-rich Changjiang Diluted Water（CDW）southward. While during the El Niño event, because of the weakened south wind in northern Taiwan, more cold CDW moves southward, and hence the decreased seawater temperature in spring and fall. The trend is opposite in summer.
There is a high salinity signal in the seas outside of Hsin-Chu, suggesting sea water coming from the Kuroshio, which has circumvented the northeast tip of Taiwan. Meanwhile, there is a front which separates this Kuroshio water and CDW. During the El Niño, the front moves eastward, especially in summer.
The salinity east of the front decreases gradually from spring to winter water, the center of upwelling located at the eastern side of the front in spring, and at or near the front from summer to winter. Furthermore, The N/P ratio of the northern Taiwan Strait water became higher after the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) became operational.
The nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas. Unfortunately, in Taiwan, there are few data about N2O emission from rivers, lakes and coastal areas. This research also studies the N2O distribution in natural waters around Taiwan.
The average surface water concentration and sea to air flux in the Taiwan Strait（7.81±1.28nM；0.28±0.38μmol/m2/hr）is higher than in the South China Sea（SCS；7.55±2.45 nM；0.21±0.27μmol/m2/hr）and the West Philippine Sea（WPS；5.3±0.62nM；-0.20±0.25μmol/m2/hr）, which displays a rare sink signal in the world oceans.
There is an N2O maximum observed around 1000m in the WPS, and another shollower one around 700m in the SCS, presumably because of the intenive upwelling and vertical mixing in the SCS basin.
There are some rather high N2O concentrations (N2O>30nM) in the SCS, observed near the continental slope. We assume that these are released from sediments on the continental slope. Although the sea-to-air flux of N2O is much lower than the flux of CO2, N2O emission in the SCS contributes more than two times the greenhouse effect than CO2 does.
Besides, The N2O concentration during El Niño is lower than usual, probably due to a smaller amount of the CDW. Finally, the average N2O concentrations of river and submarine groundwater discharge in Taiwan are about 32.3±43.3nM and 9.72±13.2 nM, respectively.

致謝----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ι
中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅵ
圖目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------IX
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------------XIII
第一章、緒論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章、研究材料與方法--------------------------------------------------------------5
2.1、研究材料--------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.2、研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------------------7
第三章、長江沖淡水在台灣海峽之季節性消長及年際變化-------------------10
3.1、 春季航次之探討及比較--------------------------------------------------10
3.1.1、ORⅡ-1082---------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1.2 ORⅡ-1180及ORⅡ-1182--------------------------------------------- 12
3.1.3、ORⅡ-1268---------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1.4、ORⅡ-1349---------------------------------------------------------------16
3.1.5、春季航次之比較--------------------------------------------------------18
3.2、夏季航次之探討及比較----------------------------------------------------23
3.2.1、ORⅡ-806----------------------------------------------------------------23
3.2.2、ORⅡ-871----------------------------------------------------------------25
3.3.3、夏天航次之比較--------------------------------------------------------27
3.3、秋季航次之探討及比較-----------------------------------------------------31
3.3.1、ORⅡ-1139---------------------------------------------------------------31
3.3.2、ORⅡ-1379---------------------------------------------------------------33
3.3.3、ORⅡ-1034---------------------------------------------------------------34
3.3.4、ORⅡ-1312 --------------------------------------------------------------36
3.3.5、秋季航次之比較--------------------------------------------------------38
3.4、冬季航次之探討-------------------------------------------------------------43
3.5、正常年與聖嬰年間長江沖淡水對台灣海峽之影響-------------------46
3.5.1、正常年四季之變化-----------------------------------------------------46
3.5.2、聖嬰年四季之變化-----------------------------------------------------47
3.5.3、台灣海峽北部鋒面之探討--------------------------------------------47
3.6、三峽大壩對長江水輸入台灣海峽的影響--------------------------------53
第四章、台灣周遭水域的N2O分佈－海水----------------------------------------55
4.1、N2O的研究材料--------------------------------------------------------------57
4.2、N2O的研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------64
4.3、台灣海峽海水之N2O分佈探討-------------------------------------------67
4.3.1、台灣海峽北部-----------------------------------------------------------67
4.3.2、台灣海峽南部-----------------------------------------------------------75
4.3.3、台灣海峽南北部之N2O比較-----------------------------------------82
4.3.4、核三、台西及金門附近海域------------------------------------------85
4.4、西菲律賓海與南海之N2O分佈-------------------------------------------89
4.4.1、西菲律賓海--------------------------------------------------------------91
4.4.2、南海-----------------------------------------------------------------------97
4.4.3、西菲律賓海和南海N2O分佈之比較------------------------------105
4.5、小結--------------------------------------------------------------------------109
第五章、台灣周遭水域的N2O分佈－淡水--------------------------------------111
5.1、台灣河川與湖泊-----------------------------------------------------------111
5.2、台灣地區SGD-------------------------------------------------------------115
5.3、亞洲地區河川--------------------------------------------------------------121
結論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------124
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------------126
附錄A、台灣河川湖泊N2O濃度及通量------------------------------------------137
附錄B、台灣地區SGD之N2O濃度-----------------------------------------------140
附錄C、中國、香港等地N2O濃度與通量-----------------------------------------140
附錄D、東南亞地區N2O濃度與通量---------------------------------------------144
附圖1、ORⅡ-1082剖面圖----------------------------------------------------------147
附圖2、ORⅡ-1180剖面圖---------------------------------------------------------149
附圖3、ORⅡ-1182剖面圖----------------------------------------------------------151
附圖4、ORII-1268剖面圖-----------------------------------------------------------153
附圖5、ORⅡ- 1349剖面圖---------------------------------------------------------155
附圖6、ORII- 806剖面圖------------------------------------------------------------157
附圖7、ORII- 871剖面圖------------------------------------------------------------160
附圖8、ORII-1139剖面圖-----------------------------------------------------------163
附圖9、ORII-1379剖面圖-----------------------------------------------------------165
附圖10、ORII-1034剖面圖----------------------------------------------------------166
附圖11、ORII-1312剖面圖----------------------------------------------------------169
附圖12、ORΙ- 631剖面圖-----------------------------------------------------------171

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