隨著知識經濟的興起，企業逐漸認知到「知識」是組織最重要的無形資產，唯有透過有效地知識管理活動整合組織層次的知識，才能進一步形成組織的競爭能力。然而，有效的知識管理對組織的影響，不只是單純的管理機制，資訊科技的導入以支援知識管理活動，也是佔著舉足輕重的角色，更是知識管理領域新興且重要的研究議題。我國政府積極推動知識管理，雖然目前企業對於知識管理的觀念逐漸普及，但是採用知識管理管理系統的比例仍偏低，尚在起步的階段。因此探索那些關鍵因素會影響企業採用知識管理系統，進而提供給有意導入知識管理系統的管理者作為參考以幫助其有效的推動，或者提供準則助其評定目前企業的現況是否適合導入，這些對於一個面對知識經濟時代的企業而言是重要的。所以本研究基於創新採用的觀點，提出一個整合性的架構來探討組織為何採用知識管理系統，共包含三個不同的構面，分別為 (1)科技創新特性：包含知識管理系統的特性如相對利益、複雜性、相容性與成本等變數 (2)組織內部因素：包含科技基礎建設、員工資訊系統能力、高階主管支持、組織內的閒置資源，以及組織規模等變數 (3)組織外部因素：以競爭壓力為主要衡量變數，共同探討組織採用知識管理系統的決定因素，目的為協助企業在推廣知識管理系統時，能掌握一些關鍵影響因素。另外本研究亦分別找出知識管理系統採用組與未採用組的二個預測區別函數，未來希望它們可提供給業者作為其評定目前的現況是否適合採用知識管理系統的決策參考。
本研究使用量化的問卷調查法來收集國內企業採用知識管理系統之相關情況，並以區別分析檢測哪些變數是影響企業是否採用該系統的決策要素。研究結果發現，在科技創新特性中，成本、複雜性與相容性有顯著區別能力；在組織內部因素中，高階主管支持、閒置資源、科技基礎建設、員工資訊系統能力皆具有顯著區別能力，其中高階主管支持更具有強的區別能力；至於組織外部因素中，競爭因素也證實具有強的區別能力。期望這樣的研究結果，可帶給有興趣於資訊科技導入或知識管理系統導入的管理者或研究者一些參考的根基與新的視野。

As a result of tough competition in the marketplace and the shift form a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, companies are looking more and more at gaining competitive advantage through managing and maximizing their most valuable asset – knowledge. In line with the increasing need to manage knowledge systems (KMS), which involve the application of IT systems and other organizational resources to manage knowledge strategically, are growing in popularity. Given the fact that it is not difficult to find applications relevant to KMS in organizations, the topic of KMS has not been well explored by researchers and scholars. Besides, even among the limited literature on KMS, there is a scarcity of studies on the empirical perspective of KMS, especially in the area of adoption, which is an important issue of managerial capacity.
This research tries to address this gap by studying the adoption of KMS in Taiwanese organizations. Specifically, we want to find the significant factors of the KMS adoption. This study is based on innovative perspective combining with some important factors to mold an integrated model. Three dimensions are involved in, including: (1) Innovative characteristics of KMS: includes relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and cost of KMS (2) Organizational factors: includes IT infrastructure inside organization, employees’ IS knowledge, management support, slack resources and business size (3) External factors: only includes competitive pressure. We try to find out whether there is something critical to adopt KMS.
An empirical survey methodology is applied to test the research model and hypotheses proposed in this study. Eight out of nine hypotheses are validated in our research model with Discriminant Analysis. The research result reveals that management support of a firm has the strongest discriminability; on the other hand, competitive pressure also affects the adoption of KMS of a firm strongly. In conclusion all the variables have discriminant power expect relative advantage.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 知識管理（KM）與知識管理系統（KMS） 6
第二節 組織採用資訊科技之研究 9
一. 科技創新特性 18
二. 組織內部因素 22
三. 組織外部因素 25
第三章 研究模式 28
第一節 研究架構 28
第二節 研究假說 30
一. 知識管理系統的特性 30
二. 組織內部因素 30
三. 組織外部因素 33
第四章 研究方法 34
第一節 研究方法 34
第二節 研究對象 34
第三節 量表來源及設計 34
第四節 變數定義與衡量 36
一. 科技創新特性 36
二. 組織內部因素 37
三. 組織外部因素 39
四. 知識管理系統之採用 39
第五節 資料分析方法 42
第五章 資料分析與結果 43
第一節 基本資料分析 43
第二節 信度與效度檢測 46
一. 信度 46
二. 效度 47
第三節 假說檢定 62
一. 科技創新特性 62
二. 組織內部因素 63
三. 組織外部因素 64
第六章 結論與建議 66
第一節 結果與討論 66
一. 科技創新特性對組織採用知識管理系統之影響 66
二. 組織內部因素對組織採用知識管理之影響 67
三. 組織外部因素-競爭壓力對組織採用知識管理之影響 68
第二節 貢獻與建議 70
一. 對實務與學術界的貢獻 70
二. 對管理上的建議 70
第三節 研究限制 71
一. 樣本抽樣之限制以致外部效度較為不足 71
二. 未考量產業間的差異 71
三. 採橫斷面問卷調查缺乏長時間縱斷面之研究觀察 71
四. 研究之樣本數 72
第四節 未來研究方向 73
一. 知識管理實施程度或範圍 73
二. 可研究未採用組的採用意願 73
三. 可考量納入其他相關的變數 73
第七章 參考文獻 74
中文部分 74
英文部份 74
相關網站 78
附錄：問卷 80

中文部分
中文書籍
1. 邱皓正，社會與行為科學的量化研究與統計分析，五南，民國九十一年。
2. 黃俊英，多變量分析，中國經濟企業研究所，四版，民國八十年。
3. 楊國樞等，社會及行為科學研究法，東華書局，十三版，民國七十八年。
4. 林東清，知識管理，智勝文化，初版，民國九十二年。
5. 林東清，資訊管理，智勝文化，民國九十三年。
6. 周文賢，多變量統計分析—SAS/STAT使用方法，智勝文化，初版，民九十一年。

期刊
1. 梁定澎、歐陽彥晶及許如欽，影響台灣企業採用知識管理之因素，資訊管理學報，第十二卷，第三期。

研究報告
1. 徐聯恩，組織特徵與組織創新（幼教產業與軟體產業之比較研究），行政院國家科學委員會，民國九十一年十月。

學位論文
1. 蘇郁琇，台灣地區企業採用企業資源規劃系統之影響因素研究，國立台灣大學會計學研究所碩士論文，民國八十八年。
2. 江志卿，網際網路EDI與專屬網路EDI在採用、擴展及對組織衝擊層面之比較研究，國立中正大學資管碩士論文，民國八十九年。
3. 盧坤利，台灣地區企業採用顧客關係管理系統之影響因素研究，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，民國八十九年六月。
4. 李珮如，影響國內中小企業採用企業資源規劃系統之關鍵因素，國立中正大學資訊管理所碩士論文，民國九十二年七月。

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相關網站
1. 行政院經建會網站 http://www.cepd.gov.tw/index.jsp
2. 中華經濟研究院 http://www.cier.edu.tw/kmportal-deluxe/front/bin/home.phtml
3. 經濟部工業局知識管理技術輔導網站 http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/kmpp/cornucopia/article.asp
4. 資策會 http://www.iii.org.tw/index1.htm，我國2004年各行業企業連網及資訊應用調查, 民國九十四年。
5. 中華知識管理應用協會 http://www.km.org.tw/