隨意行動網路(Mobile Ad Hoc Networks)是一種非集中式的無線網路架構，這種形式的網路適合使用在網路基礎建置不易的區域，例如沙漠和海洋。在隨意行動網路中，頻寬(bandwidth)是一項有限的資源，尤其對於具服務品質保證(quality-of-service, QoS)需求的多媒體串流，影響更大。當一個連線請求被拒絕時，通常意謂當時網路處於滿載的狀態，而無法再允許其他連線請求。此時，網路中的各連結通常剩餘了一些無法再配置使用的頻寬，若能將這些剩餘頻寬結合並給予配置使用，將可以提昇頻寬使用率，進而減少連線請求被拒的情況。論文中，我們提出以多重路徑(multi-path)的頻寬需求(bandwidth-constrained)繞徑(routing)演算法將各連結的剩餘頻寬結合起來，使之成為可用的路徑。在四種不同的分散策略中，除了考慮到頻寬需求外，還考慮到了路徑成本，冀以得到一條滿足需求且最低成本之多重路徑。由於隨意行動網路的網路拓樸是動態的，我們藉由逾時(timeout)機制和重新繞徑(re-routing)來維護該連線所需之路徑。由模擬結果可知，多重路徑的繞徑演算法可以有效提昇頻寬使用率，使系統可容許的連線數增加。
另一方面，我們也提出改善藍芽(Bluetooth)的媒體存取控制層(Media Access Control Layer)之輪詢(polling)機制。在藍芽的通訊協定中，Master必須透過輪詢機制詢問Slave是否需要傳送資料，而過多無謂的詢問造成頻寬使用上的浪費，所以輪詢間隔(polling interval)的長短將影響頻寬使用率與傳輸延遲。我們提出的「高使用率輪詢」(Efficient Utilization Polling, EUP)使用payload header中的「Flow」欄位，正確地反應Slave端佇列(queue)的隊列情況，Master再依得到的資訊去調整輪詢間隔，以達到頻寬有效使用與傳輸延遲之間的平衡。此外，在EUP的基礎上提出「滑動輪詢窗」(Shifting Polling Window, SPW)，在維持相同的鏈結使用率之下，提供差別式服務。

Mobile ad hoc networks are without centralized infrastructure, and suitable for the region that difficultly builds the basic network framework, for example, desert and ocean. The bandwidth in mobile ad hoc networks is likely to remain a scarce resource. A call request of a connection in a wireless network is blocked if there exits no bandwidth route. This blocking does not mean that the total system bandwidth capacity is less than the request, but that there is no path in which each link has enough residual unused bandwidth to satisfy the requirement. Like the routing in a datagram network, if packets of a virtual circuit can stream across multiple paths, we can select multiple bandwidth routes such that the total bandwidth can meet the requirement of a source-destination pair. Therefore, even though there is no feasible single path for a bandwidth-constrained connection, we may still have a chance to accept this one if we can find multiple bandwidth routes to meet the bandwidth constraint. In this dissertation, we propose a bandwidth-constrained routing algorithm to aggregate the bandwidth of multiple wireless links by splitting a data flow across multiple paths at the network layer. That is, it allows the packet flow of a source-destination pair to be delivered over multiple bandwidth routes with enough overall resources to satisfy a certain bandwidth requirement. Our algorithm considers not only the QoS requirement, but also the cost optimality of the routing paths to improve the overall network performance. Extensive simulations show that high call admission ratio and resource utilization are achieved with modest routing overheads. This algorithm can also tolerate the node moving, joining, and leaving.
We also propose an algorithm, named efficient utilization polling (EUP), to support asynchronous data traffic at MAC layer by using the characteristics of Bluetooth technology. The algorithm uses a single bit in the payload header to carry the knowledge of queues in slaves for dynamically adapting the polling intervals for achieving the goals of high channel utilization and power conserving. In addition, we propose a differentiation mechanism, named shift-polling window (SPW). Based on EUP, the SPW differentiates the throughput from various classes, and still keeps the link utilization high and almost the same as that of the best-effort services. Extensive simulations are experimented on the behavior of the EUP and SPW by tuning the related parameters, such as polling interval, buffer size, and queue threshold level, etc., in order to verify the expectation of these methods.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II
摘要 III
ABSTRACT V
CONTENT VIII
LIST OF FIGURES X
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES 1
1.2 SUMMARY OF THE DISSERTATION 5
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION 6
CHAPTER 2 DISTRIBUTED BANDWIDTH-CONSTRAINED ROUTING 7
2.1 RELATED WORK 7
2.2 SYSTEM MODEL 9
2.3 BANDWIDTH-CONSTRAINED ROUTING 13
2.3.1 Route Discovery 13
2.3.2 Message Format 15
2.3.3 Splitting Algorithms 15
2.3.4 Rerouting 22
2.3.5 Soft State 23
2.4 SIMULATION AND RESULTS 25
2.4.1 Bandwidth Utilization 25
2.4.2 Splitting Observations 26
2.4.3 Mobility Observations 28
CHAPTER 3 THE CHANNEL UTILIZATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS TRAFFIC OVER BLUETOOTH 30
3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY 30
3.1.1 Bluetooth Baseband 31
3.1.2 Link Manager Protocol and Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol 32
3.2 EFFICIENT UTILIZATION POLLING (EUP) SCHEDULING ALGORITHM AND OTHERS 33
3.2.1 EUP algorithm 33
3.2.2 Efficient Double Cycle (EDC) Algorithm 35
3.2.3 Adaptive Flow-based Polling (AFP) Algorithm 35
3.3 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS 37
3.3.1 Simulation Model 37
3.3.2 Performance Metrics 38
3.3.3 Baseband Buffer Size 38
3.3.4 Dynamic Behavior 42
3.4 DIFFERENTIATION MECHANISM: SHIFT-POLLING WINDOW 45
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS 50
REFERENCES 51

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