囊舌目(scoglossan)屬腹足綱(Gastropoda)後鰓亞綱，全世界約有300種，台灣共有3科7屬8種，相關之研究僅有少數物種之形態及行為描述。囊舌目齒舌帶包括上昇枝、下降枝及一齒舌囊，囊內累積一生用過的舊齒，此齒舌囊及保留舊齒的現象在軟體動物中獨一無二。本研究比較囊舌目種間齒舌的形態、構造及其元素組成之差異。囊舌目物種共發現5科8屬16種，其中12種為新紀錄種；在齒舌形態上共檢視了4科6屬8種，形態有刀狀及三角形兩種；囊內齒舌堆積形態則有直線、團狀或斷裂為碎片三種，組織切片顯示齒舌囊由完整單一層表皮細胞構成，除圓捲螺科之Volvatella vigouroxi外，Elysia refescens、Elysia ornata及Plakobranchus ocellatus 齒舌帶之上升枝、下降枝、囊內齒數與總牙齒數和體長有正相關，顯示齒數隨體長增加而增加；以能量散佈光譜儀分析齒舌上升枝尖端與基部、下降枝尖端與基部、囊內齒舌尖端與基部之元素組成，發現囊舌目齒舌含有鐵、鈉、鎂、矽、磷、硫和鈣等元素，各部位間元素組成無顯著差異，但種間差異顯著；與原始腹足目之Cellana toreuma、無盾目之Aplysia Parvula 和裸鰓目之Tambja sp. 之齒舌元素組成亦有顯著差異，且囊舌目齒舌元素組成和裸鰓目Tambja sp.較為接近。此外，有些囊舌目種類囊內牙齒有空洞或斷裂的現象，顯示囊內牙齒可能有被再吸收的情形，但其相關機制仍需進一步研究。

Sacoglossa belongs to the Subclass of Opithsobrabchia (Class: Gastropoda). There are about 300 species in the world. The radula of Sacoglossa is composed of ascending limb, descending limb, and a ascus sac to store used teeth. This ascus sac is a unique character of sacoglossans in mollusus. In this study, I compared the morphology, and the composition of elements in sacoglossan radulae. A total of 16 species in 5 families, including 12 new records, has been observed. Their teeth morphology was triangular or blade-like. The radula sac is surrounded by a layer of epithelium cells and the arrangement of the teeth in the sac was linear, dense or fraction. Positive correlations between body length and the number of ascending radular teeth, descending radular teeth, teeth in ascus sac or the total number of teeth were found except for Volvatella vigourouxi (Family: Volvatellidae). The elemental compositions in various radula parts were examined by energy dispersive spectrometer. I found that sacoglossan teeth were composited by Fe, Na, Mg, Si, P, S and Ca, and no significant difference among parts but significantly different among species. In contrast, elemental compositions of sacoglossans were significantly different from Tambja sp. (Order: Nudibranchia), Aplysia parvula (Order: Anaspidea) and Cellana toreuma (Order: Archaeogastropoda). In the meantime, sacoglossans and Tambja sp. were closer than others. Additionally, hollow or broken teeth were found in some sacogloosan ascus indicates that tooth reabsorption may present. However, further study is necessary to elucidate the reabsorption mechanism.

謝辭 I
摘要 II
英文摘要 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
前言 1
材料與方法 7
2.1採集樣本 7
2.2齒舌樣本製備 7
2.3齒舌形態顯微觀察 8
2.4齒舌囊組織觀察 8
2.5齒舌元素分析 8
2.6統計方析 9
結果 10
3.1台灣及離島囊舌目的物種和分佈 10
3.2齒舌形態與構造 13
3.2.1齒舌形態與食性 13
3.2.2 齒舌囊內牙齒形態及堆積形式 14
3.3囊舌目物種口咽攝食器之構造 15
3.4囊舌目物種體長與牙齒數之關係 15
3.5囊舌目物種齒舌之元素組成 16
討論 18
4.1台灣及離島囊舌目分佈 18
4.2囊舌目之齒舌結構 20
4.2.1齒舌結構 20
4.2.2牙齒形態 20
4.2.3齒舌囊內牙齒堆積形態 22
4.2.4 口咽攝食器之構造 23
4.3 囊舌目物種體長與齒列數之關係 24
4.4囊舌目物種齒舌元素組成 26
參考文獻 29

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