潛水人員對水下目標物的搜尋作業是一項技術性、困難度與危險性均極高的工作如何在使潛水人員安全性沒有顧慮的情況下，迅速完成搜尋作業，是相關單位努力的方向。目前救援人員在執行溺水搜救勤務，除了岸上與水面搜尋外，通常會同時派遣潛水人員以視覺或觸覺方式進行水下搜尋作業。
考量潛水人員在進行水面下目標物偵搜作業時通常對水下環境難以有效掌握，而現今水下聲學技術的進步，可運用水下探測技術較為成熟。因此本研究之要旨在於以掃描式聲納系統輔助潛水人員對水下目標物搜尋作業時，應用掃描式聲納(Scanning Sonar)透過影像分析與海床目標物辨識技術﹐使潛水人員事先透過掃描式聲納的工作原理了解水下環境與目標物可能位置，又可藉此監控潛水人員在水面下活動時之安全。
未來若能再加上水下遙控載具(ROV, Remotely Operated Vehicle)或水下拖曳式攝影機(TOV, Towed Operated Vehicle) 同步進行可能目標物及水下危險環境因子之光學驗證，將可增進目標物之辨識能力與驗證效果。
此種作業方式預期可使水下目標物搜尋更具效率，亦將使消防人員於執行救溺工作或協助特殊物品打撈時更為專業化並保障潛水人員水下目標物偵搜作業活動時自身之安全。

Search for drowned human body by divers is a highly technical dependent, difficult and dangerous work. How to improve this kind of underwater rescue work, under the considerations of the safety of divers and the effectiveness in detection of the target within a limited period of time, is a major subject for fire fighters. For the time being, a normal search and rescue procedure basically includes visual observation of the bank area and surficial water area. In addition, divers are sometimes sent out to complement the search procedure by either visual observation or tactile.
A much more efficient way to conduct this kind of recovery activity is to incorporate the state of art of the underwater acoustics technique, such as scanning sonar, into the operation procedures. This investigation was focused on the application of scanning sonar and image analysis techniques as well as seafloor object identification skills for the detection of drowned human body. In addition, safety of divers under water and their activities could be improved and monitored.
Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and towed operated vehicle (TOV) should be incorporated into the normal search procedure for the purpose of improving target identification in the future. Under this circumstance, both target searching rate and divers’ safety could be effectively improved or guaranteed.
The proposed procedure which incorporated both acoustical (i.e., scanning sonar) and optical (i.e., ROV or TOV) apparatus are expected to simplify and improve the underwater target search and identification activities and will allow fire fighters a more professional and safety way in conducting drowned human body recovery activities.

謝誌........................................................................................................................................................i
中文摘要...............................................................................................................................................ii
英文摘要..............................................................................................................................................iii
目錄......................................................................................................................................................iv
圖次.....................................................................................................................................................vii
表次.....................................................................................................................................................xii
第一章 緒論.......................................................................................................................................1
1-1 前言..................................................................................................................................1
1-2 研究動機..........................................................................................................................1
1-3 研究目的..........................................................................................................................3
1-4 前人研究與文獻回顧......................................................................................................3
1-5 研究架構與章節內容......................................................................................................5
第二章 儀器設備與研究理論...........................................................................................................7
2-1 水下探測技術與儀器工作原理......................................................................................8
2-1-1 聲學儀器.............................................................................................................8
2-1-2 聲納系統水中工作原理.....................................................................................9
2-1-3 掃描式聲納系統工作原理...............................................................................11
2-1-4 磁力儀原理與技術...........................................................................................15
2-1-5 全球衛星定位系統工作原理...........................................................................16
2-2 掃描式聲納偵搜能力驗證..........................................................................................17
2-2-1 儀器測試...........................................................................................................17
2-2-2 模型測試...........................................................................................................18
2-3 目標物辨識準則..........................................................................................................19
2-3-1 目標物偵測能力之影響參數.........................................................................19
2-3-2 聲納聲學影像辨識準則...................................................................................24
2-3-3 影響聲納影像品質之因素...............................................................................25
第三章 研究方法.............................................................................................................................45
3-1 相關文件收集與分析....................................................................................................45
3-1-1 救溺現場資料收集...........................................................................................45
3-1-2 水下目標物搜尋方式.......................................................................................46
3-1-3 潛水搜尋模式...................................................................................................49
3-1-4 成功搜索的要點...............................................................................................52
3-2 現今之研究方法及困難度............................................................................................53
3-3 國內災例回顧與分析....................................................................................................55
3-3-1、集集攔河堰事件...............................................................................................56
3-3-2、蘇花公路山崩事故...........................................................................................57
第四章 潛水人員搜救模擬.............................................................................................................67
4-1 屏東縣新園鄉鹽埔漁港潛水人員複訓........................................................................68
4-2 光榮碼頭搜救演練........................................................................................................70
4-3 高雄港駁二碼頭海研三號............................................................................................72
第五章 潛水人員執行搜救作業實錄.............................................................................................93
5-1 潛水人員進行搜救作業之系統分析與作業構想........................................................93
5-2 案例與實証....... ............................................................................................................94
5-2-1 屏東縣東港鎮鎮海公園...................................................................................94
5-2-2 南投縣魚池鄉日月潭水庫.... ..........................................................................97
5-2-3 高雄市林園區雙園大橋下.............................................................................102
第六章 討論、結論與未來方向...................................................................................................121
6-1 討論..............................................................................................................................121
6-1-1 掃描式聲納解析度之探討與理想搜尋模式.................................................121
6-1-2　水下聲學影像地圖建立雛形及危險水域予以編號.....................................122
6-1-3 潛水人員水下移動路徑、搜索範圍與活動位態.........................................123
6-1-4 研究發現與貢獻.............................................................................................123
6-2 結論..............................................................................................................................124
6-3 未來研究方向..............................................................................................................126
參考文獻...........................................................................................................................................132
附錄一 新園鄉鹽埔漁港潛水複訓現場之相關聲學與光學影像...............................................134
附錄二 東港鎮海公園救溺現場之相關聲學與光學影像...........................................................135
附錄三 掃描式聲納操作畫面之解析...........................................................................................136
附錄四 現行消防局處理跳水、溺水案件流程............................................................................137
附錄五 蘇花高相關新聞剪輯.......................................................................................................138
附錄六 311日本大海嘯相關新聞剪輯.........................................................................................141
附錄七 溺水案件相關新聞剪輯...................................................................................................143

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