海表面溫度(Sea surface temperature，SST)為海洋環境變化的重要因素之一，衛星資料容易獲取其大範圍紀錄。前人研究顯示東沙陸棚及東沙環礁之水文資料環境有季節性變化，會受到南海內波的影響。而東沙環礁是內波現象集中區域之一，佈放於附近的測站亦觀測到冷水頻繁入侵的現象，本研究希望能從海表面溫度上，探討東沙陸棚及環礁周圍之水文的季節變化和內波的影響。收集2005年1月至2009年12月MODIS衛星海表溫資料，研究南海內波對東沙海域表層海水的影響及周圍海域溫度分布的時空變化。研究結果發現，海表面粗糙度上有內波波前經過時，確會出現溫度略降的趨勢，東沙附近則出現最大溫降約1 °C。北南海的溫度常態東邊低西邊高，大潮及小潮潮時之均溫顯示東沙環礁附近會出現約0.5℃的溫度變化，四季中以夏季大小潮均溫溫降較其他季節更顯著。經驗正交函數(EOF)分析顯示東沙海域呈現隨著陸棚等深線變化的特徵，西側淺水區變化量大，海表溫型態第1模態累積變異量達97.7﹪，主要為季節變化所主導。以相似季節特徵之海域及陸棚上的海域等無內波區比對，內波對海表溫影響並不顯著。

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important oceanic parameter which can be accessed easily and vastly by satellite remote sensing. Recent hydrographic observations suggested that the water temperature near Dongsha Atoll were affected by internal waves of South China Sea (SCS). This study hypothesizes that the SST variations near Dongsha Atoll and continental shelf cab be observed by satellite data. To test the hypothesis, MODIS SST data during January 2005 to December 2009 were collected and analyzed using harmonic and EOF analyses.
The results show that there can be a 1 °C temperature drop, near Dongsha Atoll during the passage of internal waves, based on a longitudinal section cut for a typical SST image. The SST patterns in northern SCS are distributed lower in the east and higher in the west. The temperature showed an average of 0.5°C lower near Dongsha Atoll. Especially, the pattern of lower temperature near Dongsha is significant during neap tide in summer season. EOF analysis showed that the spatial distribution of SST aligned well with the bottom topography of the continental shelf. This result suggests that internal tide may be important to the vertical mixing in this region. The total variation of mode 1 in EOF accounted for 97.7% and is dominated by seasonal changes. For the long term and large area SST statistics, the internal wave induced variation is insignificant, as comparing the Dongsha region with shelf region and Kuroshio region.

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 Ⅳ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 Ⅹ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 南海北部海域海洋環境概況 1
1.2 東沙環礁介紹 2
1.3 文獻回顧 5
1.4 研究目的 10
第二章 資料來源 11
2.1 MODIS 衛星 11
2.2 衛星海表面溫度資料 15
2.3 海洋研究船OR3資料 17
第三章 資料處理與分析方法 19
3.1 全球每日SST資料處理 19
3.2 全球每月SST資料處理 22
3.3 全球每日SST資料分類 24
3.4 經驗正交函數（EOF） 25
第四章 研究結果與討論 28
4.1 非線性內波與海表面溫度 28
4.2 大、小潮與海表面溫度之關係 39
4.3 以季節變化之影響分析每日SST資料 43
4.4 非線性內波頻繁區與非頻繁區之EOF分析 46
第五章 結論與建議 52
參考文獻 54

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