本論文分析由三艘台灣籍遠洋鮪延繩釣漁船在西印度洋海域捕獲的183尾大目鮪的胃內容物，標本船的作業時間為2006年4月至12月。樣本魚尾叉長範圍為88至198 cm。胃內容物中可辨識的食餌共28科，主要為魚類、甲殼類和頭足類。本論文共發現14種大目鮪新記錄食餌，其中5個科別食餌（狼牙鯛科，Anoplogastridae；鮃科，Bothidae；菱的鯛科，Grammicolepididae；擬鱸科， Pinguipedidae；石首魚科，Sciaenidae）在過去大目鮪的文獻中未曾記述。其中較特別的有，數量最多的食餌細角刺蝦（Oplophorus gracilirostris），早期的文獻只發現同屬的典型刺蝦（O. typus）。而菱的鯛科的刺棘大海魴（Macrurocyttus acanthopodus）不僅是首次在大目鮪胃內容物中發現的魚種，也是首次在印度洋被發現。最大食餌體長為655 mm的長吻帆蜥魚（Alepisaurus ferox）。大目鮪的體型愈大，平均每個胃袋的食餌數目呈現愈少的趨勢，但是大體型的大目鮪其平均食餌重量較重。出現頻率最高的食餌為細角刺蝦（56.8%）。數量出現最多的前三種食餌物種為細角刺蝦（38.2%）、史氏蟳（Charybdis smithi, 8.8%）、長吻帆蜥魚（3.6%）。重量百分比則以長吻帆蜥魚（20.7%）為最高。總魚類重量百分比與過去的研究結果相似，但長吻帆蜥魚的平均重量比過去的研究結果為高，而裸蜥魚科（Paralepididae）的重量百分比卻較低。細角刺蝦的出現頻率和數量百分比明顯比過去文獻的結果為高。本研究的結果顯示，大目鮪主要食餌的數量百分比有時空上的顯著差異。5至7月時，以長吻帆蜥魚為最多。8至10月時，45°E以東的水深200 m海域，以細角刺蝦為最多，而在45°E以西約50 m水深的近岸水域，則以史氏蟳為最多，此現象可能與大目鮪的索餌洄游有關。

The stomachs of 183 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) were collected from three Taiwanese longline vessels operating in the western Indian Ocean during the period from April to December 2006. Their fork lengths ranged from 89 cm to 198 cm. Distinguishable prey species, belonging to 28 families, consisted mostly of fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Fourteen prey items were newly recorded, among them, five families (Anoplogastridae, Bothidae, Grammicolepididae, Pinguipedidae, and Sciaenidae) were firstly recorded as the diet of bigeye tuna. Two special dietary species were found for the first time. Oplophorus gracilirostris, the dominant numerical dietary species, had not been previously recorded; however, O. typus had been recorded in the past. The other special prey species found, Macrurocyttus acanthopodus (Grammicolepididae), was not only the first record in the stomach of bigeye tuna but also the first record in the Indian Ocean. The largest body length among prey species was 655 mm for an Alepisaurus ferox. The number of prey species appeared to decrease with the increasing size of the bigeye tuna, and larger Indian bigeye tuna tended to feed on larger prey species. In the stomachs of the bigeye tuna, Oplophorus gracilirostris was the most frequently found prey species (56.8%). The three numerical most dominant prey species were Oplophorus gracilirostris (38.2%), Charybdis smithii (8.8%), and Alepisaurus ferox (3.6%). In addition, the fish prey item, Alepisaurus ferox, had the highest percentage of prey weight. The total percentage of prey weight for prey fishes is similar to that reported in previous research, but the average weight of Alepisaurus ferox is heavier than the previous report. Additionally, the percentage of prey weight for Paralepididae is lower than the results of previous studies. Moreover, the occurrence and percentage of the number of Oplophorus gracilirostris are distinctly higher than the results of previous studies. These findings indicate that the percentage of mean preys number exist seasonal effect. Alepisaurus ferox was the most numerous prey in May to July; Oplophorus gracilirostris was the most numerous prey at 200 m depth in August to October 45°E to east; Charybdis smithii was the most numerous prey at 50 m depth in August to October 45°E to west. A possible reason to explain this phenomenon is that there are strong feeding migratory behavior in bigeye tuna.

摘要 i

壹、前言 1
1.1大目鮪的簡介 1
1.2大目鮪食性研究 2
1.3研究目的 3

貳、材料方法 4
2.1樣品來源 4
2.2 大目鮪的水溫及水深分佈 4
2.3胃內容物處理 4
2.4胃內容物分析 5
2.4.1出現頻率 5
2.4.2 數量百分比 5
2.4.3 重量百分比 6
2.4.4 相對重要性指標 (IRI) 6

參、結果 7
3.1大目鮪樣品之體型分佈與環境因子之關係 7
3.1.1大目鮪樣品之基本資料 7
3.1.2大目鮪之時空分佈變化 7
3.1.3溫度與深度 7
3.2大目鮪的胃內容物分析 8
3.2.1魚類 8
3.2.2甲殼類 9
3.2.3頭足類 9
3.2.4其他 9
3.3三大類食餌的出現頻率、數量百分比、重量百分比和相對重要性指標 9
3.4食餌種類的出現頻率、數量百分比、重量百分比和相對重要性指標 10
3.4.1出現頻率 10
3.4.2數量百分比 10
3.4.3重量百分比 10
3.4.4與相對重要性指標之關係 10
3.5大目鮪體型與食餌出現頻率、數量百分比、重量百分比、相對重要性指標和
體型的關係 11
3.5.1與出現頻率之關係 11
3.5.2與數量百分比之關係 11
3.5.3與重量百分比之關係 12
3.5.4與相對重要性指標之關係 12
3.5.5與食餌長度之關係 12
3.6重要食餌的時空分佈 13
3.6.1與月別之關係 13
3.6.2與空間之關係 13

肆、討論 14
4.1樣品狀況 14
4.2 三大類出現頻率、數量百分比、重量百分比與過去研究之差異 14
4.2.1 魚類 14
4.2.2 甲殼類 14
4.2.3 頭足類 15
4.3 重要食餌科別與出現頻率、數量百分比和重量百分比與過去研究之差異 15
4.3.1 帆蜥魚科 15
4.3.2 裸蜥魚科 15
4.3.3 梭子蟹科 16
4.3.4 新紀錄科 16
4.4 重要食餌物種與出現頻率、數量百分比、重量百分比和相對重要性指標與過
去研究之差異 16
4.4.1 長吻帆蜥魚 16
4.4.2 史氏蟳 17
4.4.3 細角刺蝦 18
4.4.4 相對重要性指標和過去文獻之差異 18
4.4.5 新紀錄食餌物種 19
4.5 大目鮪體型與食餌組成之關係 19
4.5.1 出現頻率 20
4.5.2 數量百分比 21
4.5.3 重量百分比 21
4.6 大目鮪體型對食餌數量和體型的影響 22
4.7重要食餌被大目鮪捕獲之空間差異 23
4.7.1重要食餌被大目鮪捕獲之經度差異 23
4.7.2重要食餌被大目鮪捕獲之水深差異 24
4.8 從大目鮪內容物組成觀察西印度洋物種組成之變化 24
伍、參考文獻 26
 
表目錄
表1、不同船籍大目鮪採樣月份和數量 30
表2、印度洋大目鮪胃內容物組成之食餌出現次數(O)、出現頻率(O%)、數量(n)、數量百分比(N%)、重量(W, 單位g)、重量百分比(W%)、以及相對重要性指標(IRI) 31
表3、新紀錄食餌 35
表4、三大類數量百分比、重量百分比、出現頻率與過去文獻比較 36
表5、IRI百分比與其他文獻比較 37
表6、被大目鮪捕食重要食餌數量百分比之時空變化 38

 
圖目錄
圖1、西元1999至2009年台灣地區大目鮪產值產量 39
圖2、西元2000 至2009年台灣在三大洋捕獲大目鮪的產量 40
圖3、西元1950 至2010年的印度洋大目鮪捕獲量 41
圖4、大目鮪採樣位置圖 42
圖5、本研究中印度洋大目鮪尾叉長頻度分佈圖 43
圖6、大目鮪體型與胃的飽滿度關係 44
圖7、大目鮪尾叉長與捕獲水溫之關係 45
圖8、大目鮪尾叉長與捕獲水深之關係 46
圖9、大目鮪尾叉長與大目鮪捕獲經度之關係 47
圖10、被捕獲大目鮪的經度與深度關係 48
圖11、大目鮪尾叉長與大目鮪捕獲月份之關係 49
圖12、食餌三大類在大目鮪胃內容物中出現頻率 50
圖13、三大類食餌數量百分比、重量百分比與尾叉長之關係 51
圖14、重要食餌數量百分比、重量百分比與尾叉長之關係 52
圖15、大目鮪尾叉長與食餌數量分佈圖 53
圖16、相對重要性指標優勢種 54
圖17、大目鮪尾叉長與全部食餌體長分佈圖 55
圖18、大目鮪尾叉長與食餌體長之點圖 56
圖19、重要食餌數量與大目鮪捕獲月份之關係 57
圖20、重要食餌數量與大目鮪捕獲經度之關係 58
圖21、重要食餌被大目鮪捕獲之經度與月份變化 59
圖22、三大類相對重要性指標與大目鮪尾叉長之關係 60
圖23、大目鮪食餌出現頻率、數量百分比和重量百分比與過去文獻比較 61
圖24、被大目鮪捕食重要食餌與過去文獻比較 62
圖25、三大類數量與大目鮪捕獲水深之關係 63
圖26、重要食餌數量與大目鮪捕獲水深之關係 64

附圖目錄
附圖1、大目鮪胃內容物處理流程 65
圖版 66

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