本論文探討飼料添加幾丁質及幾丁聚醣對草蝦成長、免疫反應及抵抗白點桿狀病毒(WSSV)及弧菌感染的影響。研究共分三個部分；第一部份探討添加幾丁質（0.5、1 g/100g diet）或幾丁聚醣（0.5、1、5 g/100g diet）對草蝦成長的影響，結果發現：未添加組及含0.5 %幾丁聚醣組增重百分率分別為1470及1118 ％，顯著高於其他各組（P＜0.05），未添加組活存率28±2 ％為最低，而添加0.5 ％幾丁質組66±8 ％最高，但各組間活存率並無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。當進一步在飼料中添加不同劑量幾丁聚醣(0、0.1、0.5、1 g/100g diet)時發現，未添加組及含0.5 %幾丁聚醣組，增重率顯著高於其他兩組（P＜0.05）；而活存率則以添加0.1 %組最高；添加0.5 ％組最低，但各組間並無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。第二部份研究探討飼料中添加不同劑量之幾丁質（0.5、5 g/100g diet）或幾丁聚醣(0.5、1 g/100g diet)對草蝦免疫反應的影響，結果發現：超氧陰離子（Superoxide anion, O2-）產量在第3天及第12天出現顯著差異（P＜0.05），除了幾丁質0.5 g/100g diet組的相對O2-產量分別為0.61與0.47較低外，5 ％幾丁質組及0.5 ％、1 ％幾丁聚醣組皆較高，O2-產量相對值分別為1.05、1.47、1.07及0.79、0.76、0.8。各處理組間酚氧化酵素活性及超氧岐化酵素活性則無顯著差異(P＞0.05)。第三部份研究探討飼料中添加幾丁聚醣(0、0.1、0.5、1 g/100g diet）對草蝦抵抗WSSV及弧菌Vibrio damsela能力的影響。草蝦餵飼未添加及含不同劑量之幾丁聚醣人工飼料20天後，以WSSV病毒液進行注射感染。各組存活率在第七天出現顯著差異，添加0.1 ％與1 ％組活存率各為28.5±4.3 ％與23.9±6.6 ％，較未添加組之8.4±1.6 ％有較顯著之抗WSSV能力（P＜0.05），但其後，各組間之差異又呈不顯著。以弧菌進行人工感染時，各處理組間之活存率並無顯著差異(P＞0.05)。綜合本實驗之結果，飼料中添加幾丁質或幾丁聚醣並不會顯著促進草蝦免疫反應及增強其對病原的抵抗能力，反而負面影響草蝦成長。

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chitin and chitosan on growth, immune responses and resistance of grass prawn Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio infections. In the first experiment, two levels (0.5、1 g/100g diet) of chitin and three levels (0.5、1、5 g/100g diet) of chitosan were evaluated. The results show that weight gain of the shrimp fed on diet containing no chitosan or the lowest level of chitosan (0.5 %) was higher than other groups. In the second experiment, four levels of chitosan (0、0.5、1、5 g/100g diet) were tested. Weight gains of the control (0 %) and 0.5 % chitosan groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the 0.1 and 1 % chitosan groups. Shrimp survival rate was not influenced by chitosan inclusion. The test shrimp of the first experiment were evaluated for their immune responses after dietary exposures. The results show that phenoloxidase activity and superoxide dismutase were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The production of superoxide anion in the 0.5 % chitin group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other groups at day 3 and 12. The last experiment evaluated the effectiveness of dietary chitosan against infection of WSSV and Vibrio damsela. Shrimp were fed for 20 days on test diets containing four levels of chitosan (0、0.5、1、5 g/100g diet) and then challenged by injection of WSSV or Vibrio solution. In the WSSV challenge, except at day 7, shrimp survivals were not different among treatments. At day 7, however, the survival rates of the shrimp fed the diet containing 0.1 or 1 % chitosan were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other groups. When challenged with Vibrio damsela, there was no difference in shrimp survival among dietary treatments. The present study shows that dietary chitin and chitosan do not significantly enhance immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile P. monodon. Dietary incorporation of chitin or chitosan negatively affects shrimp growth.

目 錄
謝辭
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
目錄 V
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
一、前言 1
二、材料與方法 12
三、結果 22
四、討論 35
五、參考文獻 40

表 目 錄
表1､ 基礎飼料配方及粗成分組成 14
表2､ 血淋巴培養液之組成 16
表3、 實驗一：以含不同濃度之幾丁質與幾丁聚醣餵飼八週，幼草蝦之成長與活存情形 23
表4、 實驗二：以含不同濃度之幾丁聚醣餵飼八週，幼草蝦之成長與活存情形 25
表5、 以含不同濃度之幾丁質或幾丁聚醣餵飼草蝦24天，期間試驗蝦血淋巴液酚氧化
酵素活性的變化 28
表6、 以含不同濃度之幾丁質或幾丁聚醣餵飼草蝦24天，期間試驗蝦血淋巴球
superoxide anion產生量的變化 29
表7、 以含不同濃度之幾丁質或幾丁聚醣餵飼草蝦24天，期間試驗蝦血淋巴液超氧岐化
酵素產生量的變化 30
表8、 不同濃度之幾丁聚醣餵飼草蝦20天後，以WSSV感染時草蝦之活存率 31
表9、 不同濃度之幾丁聚醣餵飼草蝦20天後，以Vibrio damsela感染時草蝦之活存率 33

圖 目 錄
圖1、 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣結構 9
圖2、 幾丁聚醣生物分解途徑 10
圖3、 實驗一：以含不同濃度之幾丁質或幾丁聚醣飼料餵飼幼草蝦8週後之成長曲線 24
圖4、 實驗二：以含不同濃度之幾丁聚醣飼料餵飼幼草蝦8週後之成長曲線 26
圖5、 不同濃度之幾丁聚醣飼料餵飼草蝦20天後，以WSSV感染時草蝦之活存率 32
圖6、 不同濃度之幾丁聚醣飼料餵飼草蝦20天後，以Vibrio damsela感染時草蝦之活存
率 34

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