冷凍空調冷卻水路系統一直以來有結垢、腐蝕、微生物三大問題沒有獲得徹底的解決，其中以開放循環系統最嚴重，因為在開放空間冷卻水隨著循環次數的增加，冷卻水塔的水量蒸發損失，使得循環水中的溶解物質、懸浮物體和微生物累積增加，進而產生了結垢、腐蝕和菌藻滋生等問題。在結垢方面主要是影響冷凝器熱傳效率變差，導致冷凝溫度上升，依本實驗例子，渦卷式壓縮機冷凝溫度每上升1℃，COP就會降2.4％~2.8％左右，而且結垢也會在管路方面增大管路阻力，使冷凝器、水泵和冷卻水塔效率降低，增加耗能，腐蝕方面引起的問題主要是降低冷凝器的壽命或管路的洩漏，嚴重時會因洩漏造成事故停止運轉，而微生物以退伍軍人菌最危害人體健康，嚴重時可能死亡，其他如藻類則會使管路阻塞。

一般的空調水處理分為化學水處理和物理水處理兩類，傳統都是以化學水處理方法為主，也就是以加藥方式處理冷卻水水質問題，由於發展早效果明顯，所以廣為使用，但由於化學藥品在冷卻水中，超過濃縮倍數後需排放再補充新水，造成水資源浪費和對環境的污染，且化學水處理須配合人工酸洗，這也造成了主機停擺和設備拆卸磨損等缺點。而物理水處理方法因為環保意識抬頭及效果越來越好，具有發展潛力，目前物理水理方法有Zeta Rod、磁化、電子水處理等，其中Zeta Rod為本論文研究的重點，研究Zeta Rod對水處理的影響，並以實際運轉的冰水主機驗證Zeta Rod在水處理上的效果。

Zeta Rod是以DLVO理論為基礎發展出來的水處理技術，既環保又有水處理的效果，經實驗研究發現，使用Zeta Rod之後，冷卻水進出口溫度差由3.9℃變4.2℃，變大的溫差證明了熱交換率提升，從這點看來Zeta Rod是有效果的。

關鍵字：空調水處理、冷凝溫度

It is a common problem that the cooling water loop in an HVAC or refrigeration plant is suffering from scaling, corrosion, and bacteria attacks, especially in an open-loop designs. The reason is that, through the open water loop, various kinds of contaminants were trapped and migrated along the water flow, causing condenser scaling, which in turn, leading to its poor thermal performances. The experiment conducted in this study revealed that each condenser temperature increase of 1 ℃, accounts for a COP decrease of 2.4% to 2.8%.Serious scaling problem might even lead to system malfunction, and hazardous environmental problems.

Conventionally, water-treatment in the condenser cooling water loop can be categorized into two parts, namely, the chemical and the physical methods. The chemical treatment is mainly performed by injecting chemicals, mostly acids, into the water loop so that it can circulate through the system and causing scales to peer off from the condenser tubes. In response to the cry of environmental protection, physical treatment has become increasingly important, which utilizes magnetic forces as the primary working principle. The main theme of this study is to validate this principle by full-scale experiments.

The Zeta Rod system has been developed under the DLVO theory, with significant performance and is environmentally friendly. Experimental investigation has been performed in comparing the temperature differentials across a condenser, before and after the treatment. The result validated that it has increased from 3.9℃ to 4.2℃ and enhanced the thermal performances of the condenser accordingly.

目 錄 I
圖 目 錄 III
表 目 錄 VI
摘 要 VII
ABSTRACT VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究方法與步驟 3
1.3文獻回顧 5
第二章 利用化學方式之水處理特性分析 6
2.1 冷卻水塔基本原理 6
2.2濃縮倍數(cycles of concentration or number of cycles) 10
2.3藍氏飽和指數(Langelier Saturation Index,LSI)與萊氏穩定指數(Ryznar Stability Index,RSI) 14
2.4結垢、腐蝕、微生物形成原因與影響 17
2.5化學處理法 26
2.6自動洗淨裝置 30
第三章 利用物理方式之水處理特性分析 34
3.1 Zeta Rod水處理特性分析 34
3.1.1 DLVO理論分析 34
3.1.2 Zeta Rod原理分析 41
3.2電子水處理裝置 44
3.2電場及磁場水處理 48
第四章 利用Zeta Rod水處理原理全尺度分析 55
4.1實驗建物空調設備之規格 55
4.2實驗建物目前狀況與量測分析 57
4.3 Zeta Rod安裝 64
4.4實驗印證與效能分析 66
第五章 結論 69
參考文獻 71

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