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博碩士論文 etd-0913100-151848 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0913100-151848
論文名稱
Title
數位媒介整合下之有線電視與電信事業的相關管制規範與競爭機制研究
The Research of Regulations and Competitive Schemes of Telecommunication and Cable TV under Digital Media Convergence
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
304
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-07-31
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-09-13
關鍵字
Keywords
策略聯盟
Strategy alliance
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5752 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
摘要

在整體電信市場需求轉變、資訊科技日益精進、解除管制或自由化和全球化等因素的影響之下,全球電信產業及其管制規範產生重大變化。由於整合之後的產業環境在管理上有其困難,規約管制的邏輯也隨著 科技與市場的變化產生不同的思考,政府在解除管制的同時,其實是由市場力量在進行管理,形成所謂的「重新管制」。這些觀念的改變,在整合之後將更為顯著。

本論文採取文獻分析法與比較研究法並輔以深入訪談法,用以瞭解「媒介整合」、「電信」、「有線電視」、「管制規範」與「公平競爭」五個主要概念,同時探究其間的種種關聯,希望能夠在數位媒介「整合」下對於有線電視與電信事業發展的趨勢,提供國內外政府一個更清楚的藍圖,且亦可提供我國政府在相關法規訂定或修正時的具體建議。

本論文的主要研究問題如下:
一、媒介「整合」趨勢的發展現況為何?
二、對於電信與有線電視產業在媒介整合的趨勢下,各國是如何因應?
三、在數位科技整合發展下,各國對於電信與有線電視產業的市場是否會改變其原有的管制態度?開放市場是否就代表著真正的競爭?
四、我國近年來的法制變動是否能因應媒介整合潮流的趨勢?而原由交通部與新聞局所建構的管理機制是否會產生整合上的困境?
五、我國政府應如何以國外經驗為借鏡,在政策法規及產業環境上營造出一個合理公平的發展空間?

媒介整合在其意涵上係指:傳統上分屬不同領域的電信、媒體、電腦等產業,隨著科技的創新、管制規範的放鬆以及產業之間出現的購併與合作的形態,而逐漸產生產業間的界限模糊的現象。由於整合之後環境的劇烈變遷,過去的管制,從概念到實踐,都有了新的解釋與新的執行方式。因為管制上的困難,由市場機能主導的觀念被一再強調,即「競爭」成為一個重要指標,但「競爭」只是一種手段,真正的目的是公平合理環境的創造。

媒介整合確實影響到管制規範。雖然從英國、美國、歐盟與世貿組織相關的管制來看,並無法確切解讀成必須建立單一整合性的管制法規及管制機關以因應電信與有線電視之間的合流,但是我們發現其管制的內容上,有部分是以服務作為管制上的基準;另外我們可從開放跨媒體經營的情形,觀察到這些國家期待未來電信與有線電視產業應該從分流的趨勢逐漸走向合流。

電信與有線電視相互替代性很大,在朝向整合之際,彼此之間的市場必定會相互受到影響,尤其是具有市場優勢地位的既有電信業者,倘若我國現階段即開放其進入有線電視業務,將使原有混亂的市場變得更加混亂。因此本論文建議,除電信法中對於賦予事業相關的義務與規範之外,競爭規範的引入,並採取不對稱管制措施以有效規範市場競爭,是政府提升社會福祉的不二法門。除此之外,相關配套措施如公平接續、普及服務、費率補貼與交叉補貼、以及不公平競爭行為規範尚有待加強。

現階段我國雖然允許電信與有線電視之間可以互跨經營,但現行之電信監理主管機關共有交通部郵電司、電信總局及新聞局廣電處三個之多,管理架構相當分散,在管制規範上彼此的衝突終究無法避免,而要解決這樣的難題首先必須摒棄傳統分業管制規範的窠臼。因此本論文建議,針對電信與廣電媒體監理機制,必須建置一個超部會的獨立委員會,以統事權,並利監理。取法美國對於電信與影視產業的規範,將一般反托拉斯法與個別產業規範相互結合,並透過單一管制機關來加以把關,或可解決目前電信法上對於競爭規範制定上的疑慮。




Abstract
Under the influence of the demand-transferring in the telecommunication market, the progressive information technology, the regulation-removing, or the liberation and globalization, the global telecommunication industry and its regulation have the important change. Because the telecommunication industry has its own difficulty in the management after the convergence, the logic of regulation creates some different concepts with the change of technology and market. Meanwhile, the government releases deregulation and creates the so-called "re-regulation", which is managed by the force of market actually. The changes of these concepts are more observable after the convergence.

The thesis takes the methods---literature review, comparitive study, and deep interview to understand the five main concepts--- convergence, telecommunication, cable TV, regulation, and fair competition to research any correlation within the convergence. Hoping that the digital media convergence of cable TV and telecommunication development can provide Taiwan and foreign governments with the more clear direction, and also provide Taiwan government with the specific suggestions for the related rules-drawing up or amending.

The main research questions are as followed:
1. What is the developing situation about the trend of convergence?
2. How do many countries deal with the trend of convergence of the telecommunication and cable TV industry?
3. Do the markets of telecommunication and cable TV in many countries change their original regulation attitudes in the integrate development of the digital technology? Does open the market that will mean the real competition?
4. Do the changes of the telecommunication rules in recent Taiwan follow the trend of convergence? Does the regulation system made by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and Government Information Office produce the difficulty in convergence?
5. How does Taiwan government in the related policy and industry environment with taking the foreign experiences as a norm?

Convergence means that the merger and corporation of telecommunication, medium, and computer with the innovative technology and deregulation, which is producing the blurred boundaries of these industries. After the convergence, the environment of the telecommunication industry has the tremendous change, and the past regulation---form the concept to the practice, has the new explanation and the new way to carry out. Because of the difficulty in regulation, the concept led by the market system keeps being emphasized that "competition" is becoming an important norm. But, "competition" is just a kind of method, its real purpose is to create a reasonable and fair environment.

The medium convergence does influence the regulation. Take a look at the related regulation rules in U.K, U.S.A, EU, and World Trade Organization, they can't be exactly explained that they must establish the unitary convergence regulation rules and institutes in order to deal with the collaboration between telecommunication and cable TV. But we find that in the contents of regulation, the service is taken as the basis of regulation. Besides this, we can observe that these countries expect that the telecommunication and cable TV industries should change from the trend of divide to the trend of collaboration.

The substitution between telecommunication and cable TV is huge. At the time to become converging, the market between telecommunication and cable TV must be influenced each other. Especially for the original businessmen who has the superior market situation, if Taiwan opens cable TV business for them at present, the market will become more and more disordered. Therefore, the thesis suggests that in addition to giving the related obligation and regulation in the telecommunication rules, the related rules lead into the competition regulation, and takes the unsymmetrical legislation to regulate the market competition, these will be the most helpful way to promote the social welfare. Moreover, the related measures for regulation such as fair continuation, general service, rate subsidy, cross subsidy, and unfair competition, these should be strengthened.

Although Taiwan allows that telecommunication and cable TV can operate mutually now, there are three charge institutes of telecommunication affairs: Department of posts & Elecommunications of Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Directorate General of Telecommunications, and Department of Radio and Television Affairs of Government Information Office. The management structure is quite scattered, and it can't avoid being happened the conflict in regulation after all. We must throw the puzzle of the traditional regulation of the divided industry away in order to solve the problem at the very beginning. Therefore, the thesis suggests that the supervision system of telecommunication and medium must establish an independent cross-Bureau committee in order to integrate the management system to supervise it well. It may solve the misgiving of competition regulation in the telecommunication rules, which takes the telecommunication and the film and TV industry regulation from U.S.A as a norm to connect the general law of Anti-Trust and individual industry regulation each other, and check it on through the unitary regulation institute.

目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 數位媒介整合的市場現況發展與法規環境創造 13
第三章 有線電視與電信事業之管制規範與競爭機制的相關理論 53
第四章 英、美、歐盟與世貿組織對於數位媒介整合的因應及其變革 115
第五章 臺灣有線電視與電信事業的法規發展與競爭環境 167
第六章 深入訪談資料及其綜合分析 221
第七章 結論-研究結果簡述與建議 248
參考書目 281
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黃如萍,〈電信固網大餅—台鐵、高公局吃不到),《中國時報》,1999年3月14日,第6版。

黃嘉珍(1997年10月),〈CATV跨營Internet 法律問題〉,《通訊雜誌》,第45期。

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謝穎青、劉志祥 (1999年3月),(NII概念下有線電視與電信事業互跨的另類思考),《月旦法學雜誌》,第46期,頁25-35。

鍾乾癸(1998),《行政院第十九次科技顧問會議報告》,行政院科技顧問組。

鍾麗華(1997年),《台灣有線電視系統併購:1994-1997》,台北:淡江大學大眾傳播學系傳播研究所碩士論文。

簡陳中(1998年),《我國有線電視與電信產業跨業經營之前景研究》,台北:銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。

藍麗娟(1997年),《電視媒體外人所有權問題之探討》,台北:國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。

羅弘旭,〈立法不平、執法不公:網路電話開放的基準何在?〉,《工商時報》,1999年4月26日,第14版。

羅弘旭,〈經營網路電話ISP業摩拳擦掌〉,《工商時報》,1999年4月26日,第14版。

(美最大通訊公司與最大有線電線公司結合:AT&T購併TCI),《中國時報》, 1998年6月25日,第13版。

〈AT&T決收購Media One喊價約540億美元,遠高於Comcsat所提的480憶美元〉,《工商時報》,1999年4月24日,第5版。

〈AT&T與BT介入日本電信經營權〉,《經濟日報》,1999年4月26日,第29版。

〈BT日本電信AT&T宣佈婚訊〉,《工商時報》,1999年4月26日,第5版。

〈中華電信秀出有力武器〉,《中國時報》,1999年4月9日,第10版。

〈全球電信業革命離地升空〉,《工商時報》,1999年1月27日,第5版。

〈名為整合實為惡性壟斷〉,《聯合報》,1998年1月2日,第3版。

〈低階行動電話下月受理投標〉,《經濟日報》,l999年4月14日,第25版。

〈建立有線電視市場秩序不能單靠財團善意〉,《中國時報》,1998年1月1日,第11版。

〈政院擬設資訊通訊暨傳播委員會〉,《中國時報》,1998年8月26日,第1版。

〈美國通過新版電信法案〉,《中國時報》,1998年2月3日,第13版。

〈斡旋吃力 李大維激動捶桌〉,《中國時報》,1998年1月3日,第3版。




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