摘要內容：
本研究之主要目的有四：一在釐清全美教育協會（NEA）、美國教師聯盟（AFT）兩組織的組織及功能，以及在教師權益方面的法源依據、具體作法、案例分析；二在探討美國教師組織在教師爭議事件中所扮演的角色與立場；三在探討美國教師組織在爭取權益過程中所運用的策略；四係依據研究結果，提出具體建議以供我國教師組織未來發展之參考。
在研究範圍上，由於教師爭議事件眾多，本研究無法將所有議題納入，因此選擇三個重大爭議事件:特許學校、罷教以及接管機制，為本研究之研究範圍。而其分別的研究對象如下:(1)特許學校:明尼蘇達州、密西根州、華盛頓州。(2)罷教:費城學區、底特律學區、芝加哥學區。(3)接管機制:克里夫蘭學區、費城學區、紐渥克學區。
在研究方法上，主要採用內容分析以及貝瑞岱之比較研究模式，分別依三大爭議事件的研究對象進行描述與解釋，再找出比較點，加以並列，進而提出研究假設:
一、地方教師組織分會隸屬教師組織(NEA、AFT)的差異，導致關注不同的教育議題。
二、教師組織在爭議事件處理，係採有系統的策略與步驟。
三、教師組織在支持或反對爭議事件，基於對自身利益的影響與公立教育品質維護。
四、美國兩大教師組織NEA、AFT及其分會於爭議事件上結盟合作，係受到兩大組織合併趨勢的影響。
根據上述四項研究假設以進行比較分析，得到以下四項主要結論：
一、教師組織的運作係依循系統化的整合策略。
二、教師組織反對之爭議事件大多是違背教師權益以及危害公立教育。
三、教師組織的合作為因應時代變遷的需求。
四、教師組織的角色影響國家教育改革。
最後，研究者根據上述四項研究結論，分別向教育行政機關、教師組織與後續研究提出建議。

The main purposes of this study are (1) to clarify the function of NEA and AFT and original source of law, concrete action, and case study relating to teachers’ rights. (2) to explore the roles of American teacher organizations in dealing with controversial events related to teachers. (3) to discuss the strategies American teacher organizations adopt in striving for the rights of teachers. (4) to make recommendations to the development of teacher organizations in Taiwan.
The scope of this study includes three important controversial events related to teachers: charter school, strike and takeover. Moreover, the subjects of the study are as following: (1)charter school: Minnesota, Michigan, Washington;(2)strike: Philadelphia School District, Detroit School District, Chicago School District;(3)takeover: Cleveland School District, Philadelphia School District, Newark School District.
In order to achieve the above purposes, this study had adopted content analysis and Bereday’s comparative studies. Firstly, to describe and interpret the subjects of the study.
Secondly, four tentative conclusions were achieved:
1. Because local teacher organizations are affiliated with different teacher organizations (NEA or AFT), they pay attention to different educational issues.
2. When teacher organizations deal with controversial events related to teachers, they adopt systematic strategies and steps.
3. The criteria whether teacher organizations support or oppose the controversial events is based on self-interest and the quality of public education.
4. The trend of the merge of NEA and AFT affects the cooperation of two teacher organizations and their local organizations in dealing with controversial events related to teachers.
To support the four hypotheses above, four findings were concluded:
1. The operation of teacher organizations is accordance with systemic strategic.
2. The controversial events which teacher organizations oppose usually violate teachers’ rights and public education.
3. The cooperation among teacher organizations is the trend of changing time.
4. The role of teacher organizations deeply affects the educational reform of nation.
Finally, suggestions based on the research findings were proposed to the educational authorities, teacher organizations, and future research.

目錄

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 2
第三節 研究方法與步驟 2
第四節 研究範圍與限制 5
第五節 名詞釋義 6
第二章 教師組織以及美國教師組織文獻之探討 8
第一節 教師組織的意義、類別與功能 8
第二節 美國教師組織之探討－全美教育協會(NEA) 11
第三節 美國教師組織之探討－美國教師聯盟(AFT) 14
第四節 全美教育協會與美國教師聯盟的異同 16
第五節 美國教師組織的運作策略之分析 18
第三章 特許學校之探討以及爭議 22
第一節 特許學校的意義與特色 22
第二節 明尼蘇達州特許學校之個案探討 31
第三節 密西根州特許學校之個案探討 33
第四節 華盛頓州特許學校之個案探討 36
第四章 罷教之探討以及爭議 44
第一節 罷教的意義、特色 44
第二節 費城罷教事件 45
第三節 底特律罷教事件 49
第四節 芝加哥罷教事件 56
第五章 接管機制之探討以及爭議 58
第一節 接管的意義、特色 58
第二節 克里夫蘭學區接管之個案探討 60
第三節 費城學區接管之個案探討 64
第四節 紐瓦克學區接管之個案探討 65
第六章 教師組織在特許學校、罷教以及接管機制等教師爭議事件中的角色之比較研究 67
第一節 特許學校、罷教以及接管機制之並列 67
第二節 研究假設 77
第三節 比較分析 79
第七章 結論與建議 89
第一節 結論 89
第二節 建議 90
參考文獻 93
ㄧ、中文部份 93
二、西文部份 95
附錄 103
附錄一 華盛頓州動議案和公民複決投票的程序 103
附錄二 致底特律教師聯盟主席信函 105


表目次
表 1教師組織的角色並列表(明尼蘇達州、密西根州、華盛頓州) 67
表 2地方教師組織所隸屬的全國性教師組織並列表(明尼蘇達州、密西根州、華盛頓州) 69
表 3教師組織採用的策略並列表(明尼蘇達州、密西根州、華盛頓州) 70
表 4實施成效並列表(明尼蘇達州、密西根州、華盛頓州) 71
表 5教師組織的角色並列表(費城、底特律、芝加哥) 72
表 6教師組織採用的策略並列表(費城、底特律、芝加哥) 72
表 7地方教師組織所隸屬的全國性教師組織並列表(費城、底特律、芝加哥) 73
表 8實施成效並列表(費城、底特律、芝加哥) 73
表 9教師組織的角色並列表(克里夫蘭學區、費城學區、紐渥克學區) 74
表 10教師組織採用的策略並列表(克里夫蘭學區、費城學區、紐渥克學區) 75
表 11實施成效並列表(克里夫蘭學區、費城學區、紐渥克學區) 76
表 12州集體爭議權政策(賓州、密西根州、伊利諾州) 80


圖目次
圖 1研究架構圖 4
圖 2密西根州公立學校、特許學校、私立學校參加教師組織比率34

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翁豐珍（民84）。我國教師組織專業團體研究。國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。
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陳文燦(民86)。我國國民小學教師對教師會組織之態度研究。嘉義師院國民教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳秀苓(民83)。中日兩國教師組織之研究。中國文化大學日本研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳韻竹(民92)。美國學區接管機制之分析研究。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文。湯堯（民89）。高級中等以下學校教師會組織與運作功能研究。台北:教育部。
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蔡清華(民91)。美國教師組織與專業權運作關係之研究。載於各國教師組織與專業權的發展。台北：高等教育。
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