本研究以廢輪胎熱裂解產物碳黑製備之粉狀活性碳，進行氣相氯化汞之吸附實驗，探討自製粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞之吸附容量，並藉由多種恆溫吸附模式模擬活性碳之吸附行為。此外，亦進行氯化汞吸附效率之模廠測試。
本研究以自製粉狀活性碳為主要研究對象，輔以商業粉狀活性碳進行探討。由微孔隙分析儀測試結果得知，自製粉狀活性碳與商業粉狀活性碳之比表面積、含硫量及平均孔隙半徑分別為650和710 m2/g、3.7和5.7%、20.21和10.21Å，亦即自製粉狀活性碳在物理特性比較上略遜於商業粉狀活性碳。進一步以FHH Model探討活性碳與氣相氯化汞間的吸附特性得知，自製粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞以凡德爾瓦力為主；而商業粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞則以表面張力為主。
由氯化汞管柱吸附實驗結果得知，自製粉狀活性碳在常溫下吸附氯化汞之入口濃度為55~215μg/m3，活性碳之吸附容量介於811~2,188μg-HgCl2/g-PAC之間；在模擬都市垃圾焚化爐煙道溫度150℃下，活性碳之吸附容量則降至214~700μg-HgCl2/g-PAC之間，此結果顯示粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞之容量隨溫度上升而下降。此外，由恆溫吸附模式模擬結果顯示，自製粉狀活性碳吸附行為以單層吸附為主，且吸附行為在一般溫度時較符合Redlich and Peterson Isotherm，在較高的溫度下吸附行為則偏向Langmuir Isotherm。
以自製粉狀活性碳與商業粉狀活性碳進行氯化汞去除效率之模廠測試結果顯示，隨著活性碳噴粉量的逐漸增加，氯化汞去除效率亦隨之提昇，且最佳去除效率可達到90﹪以上。此外，含硫量較高活性碳之氯化汞去除效率也較高，在模擬實際煙道氣溫度之150℃環境下，活性碳以化學吸附為主要機制，含硫量較高之活性碳對氯化汞之吸附能力則優於未加硫改質之活性碳。
整體而言，由廢輪胎自行製備之粉狀活性碳之比表面積、含硫量等物理性質方面雖略低於目前實廠使用之商用粉狀活性碳，但自行製備之粉狀活性碳係由廢輪胎熱裂解製得，就資源回收再利用的角度而言，自製粉狀活性碳在進行加硫改質後，實際應用於都市垃圾焚化爐排氣中氯化汞之去除仍具市場開發潛力。

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of mercury chloride in flue gas emitted from municipal waste incinerator (MWI) by the adsorption of powdered activated carbon derived from the pyrolysis of waste tires (PAC-T). This study focused on the removal efficiency of mercury chloride and the adsorption capacity of PAC-T. The operation parameters investigated included temperature (30℃ and 150℃) and powdered activated carbon injection rate (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/hr). Experimental tests were conducted by the following three steps： the adsorption column test, the adsorption isotherm simulation, and the removal efficiency test in a pilot plant.
The adsorption capacity of PAC-T for various inlet mercury chloride concentrations (55~215μg/m3) at room temperature (30℃) were 811~2,188μg-HgCl2/g-PAC, while the absorption capacity of PAC-T at 150℃ were 214~700μg-HgCl2/g-PAC which were lower than those at room temperature. It suggested that the adsorption capacity of PAC-T decreased as adsorption temperature increased. Furthermore, the adsorption of mercury chloride by PAC-T was an unfavorable adsorption isotherm.
The adsorption column tests were performed to assess the rate of mercury chloride uptake by PAC-T at 30 and 150℃. Results from the adsorption isotherm simulation indicated that mercury chloride at room temperature (30℃) can be simulated by the Redlich and Peterson isotherm. However, the adsorption of mercury chloride at 150℃ can be simulated by the Langmuir isotherm.
Experimental results from the pilot tests indicated that the removal efficiency of mercury chloride increased gradually with retention time and then leveled off as retention time was higher than thirty minutes. Moreover, the removal efficiency of mercury chloride increased dramatically as PAC-T injection rate increased from 0.1 to 0.3 g/hr. The highest removal efficiency of mercury chloride which can be achieved by waste-tire derived powdered activated carbon (PAC-T) and commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC-C) were 86.5% and 98.9%, respectively.
In general, PAC-T was comparative to PAC-C for the removal of mercury chloride from flue gas on the basis of both physical and chemical properties and removal efficiency of mercury chloride.

謝誌………………………………………………………………….. I
摘要………………………………………………………………….. II
英文摘要…………………………………………………………….. IV
目錄……………………………………………………………….…. VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………….…. X
圖目錄……………………………………………………………….. XII
符號說明…………………………………………………………….. XV
第一章 前言………………………………………………………… 1-1
1-1 研究緣起…………………………………………………... 1-1
1-2 研究目的…………………………………………………... 1-2
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 2-1
2-1 含汞污染物之來源及種類………………………………... 2-1
2-1-1含汞污染物之來源…………………………………... 2-1
2-1-2含汞污染物之種類…………………………………... 2-2
2-2 含汞污染物之排放標準與控制技術……………………... 2-3
2-2-1都市垃圾焚化爐含汞污染物之排放標準…………... 2-3
2-2-2含汞污染物之控制技術……………………………... 2-4
2-3 汞之物化特性及影響...…………………………………… 2-6
2-3-1汞之物理化學特性……..……………..……………... 2-7
2-3-2汞對人體健康之影響………………………………... 2-10
2-4 活性碳之種類與特性……..………………………………. 2-11
2-4-1活性碳之種類………………………………………... 2-11
2-4-2活性碳之物化特性…………………………………... 2-13
2-4-3活性碳之碎型維度…………………………………... 2-14
2-4-4活性碳之吸附機制…………………………………... 2-16
2-5 活性碳在污染防治之應用………………………………... 2-19
2-6 廢輪胎熱裂解之原理與特性…………………………..…. 2-21
2-6-1熱裂解之原理………………………………………... 2-21
2-6-2影響廢輪胎熱裂解之操作條件……………………... 2-22
2-7 活性碳吸附能力指標……………………………………... 2-22
2-8 恆溫吸附模式……………………………………………... 2-24
2-8-1 Langmuir Isotherm....………………………………. 2-25
2-8-2 Freundlich Isotherm………………………………… 2-27
2-8-3 Toth Isotherm……………………………………….. 2-29
2-8-4 Redlich and Peterson Isotherm……………………... 2-30
2-8-5 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Isotherm……………...…... 2-30
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………… 3-1
3-1 實驗設計與流程………………………………………….. 3-1
3-2 粉狀活性碳之製備……………………………………….. 3-1
3-2-1廢輪胎熱裂解系統與粉狀活性碳製備系統………... 3-1
3-2-2實驗分析系統………………………………………... 3-4
3-3 氣相氯化汞管柱吸附實驗及模廠吸附實驗…….………. 3-5
3-3-1氣相氯化汞吸附實驗系統…………………………… 3-5
3-3-2模廠吸附實驗系統…………………………………… 3-7
3-3-3實驗分析系統………………………………………… 3-11
3-4 實驗方法………………………………………………….. 3-15
3-5 品保與品管……………………………………………….. 3-21
3-5-1實驗室分析之品保與品管…………………………... 3-21
3-5-2實驗室可信度要素…………………………………... 3-21
3-5-3數據品保工作項目及執行方法……………………... 3-22
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………… 4-1
4-1 粉狀活性碳之基本特性探討…………………………..… 4-1
4-1-1自製及商業粉狀活性碳之基本特性………………... 4-1
4-1-2自製及商業活性碳之碎型維度….……...…………... 4-2
4-2 氣相氯化汞管柱吸附測試結果………………………….. 4-8
4-2-1管柱吸附實驗之氣相氯化汞平衡濃度測試………... 4-8
4-2-2自製粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞之結果…………... 4-9
4-2-3自製與商業粉狀活性碳吸附氣相氯化汞之比較…... 4-16
4-3 氣相氯化汞管柱恆溫吸附模式結果…………………….. 4-16
4-4 氣相氯化汞模廠吸附測試結果………….…………...….. 4-22
4-4-1氣相氯化汞產生器穩定性測試……………………… 4-26
4-4-2噴粉量對氣相氯化汞吸附效率之影響……………… 4-30
4-4-3自製與商業粉狀活性碳在模廠吸附效率之比較…… 4-31
第五章 結論與建議…….………………………...………………… 5-1
5-1 結論……………………………………………………….. 5-1
5-2 建議……………………………………………………….. 5-4
參考文獻…………………………………………………………….. 6-1

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