在未來應用於第五代(5G)行動通訊終端中，具有至少8個MIMO數據流之高維度MIMO天線系統可以大幅提高頻譜效率及傳輸速率，為潛力技術重點之一。然而，在手機有限空間內有效配置低耦合與低封包相關係數的MIMO多天線，一直是天線設計者的技術挑戰。因此，本論文提出一項5G手機之MIMO八天線設計，八天線由四個雙天線組合單元所組成，雙天線為一自我解耦合平面結構，尺寸為7 x 10 mm2，配置於手機側邊框內側表面上，頻帶可涵蓋3400~3600 MHz。雙天線的結構與手機系統接地面形成不對稱的鏡射排列，且垂直配置於該系統接地面的不同側，可以達成低耦合與低封包相關係數之特性。此外，低耦合特性無需額外加入外部解耦合結構來達成，進而有效縮小雙天線之尺寸。接著，為了讓手機能夠達到Multi-Gbps的傳輸速率，利用四或六個雙天線組合單元，來達成MIMO八或十二天線之配置。透過MIMO通道容量測試平台，將八天線應用於8 x 8 MIMO系統時，在訊雜比(SNR)為20 dB的條件下，可實際測得其通道容量能達到約35 bps/Hz；再者，將十二天線應用於12 x 8 MIMO系統時，呈現在100 MHz頻寬與256 QAM調變下，達到3.8 Gbps之吞吐量(頻譜效率約38 bps/Hz)。為了更進一步分析手機十二天線應用於12 x 8 MIMO系統之通道容量與吞吐量特性，選擇使用者手握、室內外場景及不同封包相關係數來進行MIMO效能的實測。最後，將本論文中所提出的雙天線設計概念應用於異質網路3.5/5.8 GHz雙頻帶MIMO天線，並針對3.5/5.8 GHz雙頻帶的MIMO效能進行一系列的研究與討論。

The High-Dimensional (HD) MIMO operation with at least eight MIMO streams is a very promising technology for applications in the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication terminals. HD MIMO can provide a much higher spectral efficiency, thereby increasing the data throughput in practical communications. However, it has been a great challenge for antenna designers to dispose as many as MIMO antennas with low envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) in the very limited space of the smartphone. In this thesis, promising eight and twelve MIMO antennas for the 5G smartphone are presented. The MIMO antennas are formed by using decoupled two-antenna building blocks. The building block has a small planar size of 7 x 10 mm2 for operating at 3.5-GHz band (3400~3600 MHz) and can be printed on the inner surface of the side-edge frame of the smartphone. Decreased coupling between the two antennas can be obtained without the need of an external decoupling structure. The operating principle and antenna performance of the two decoupled antennas in the building block are presented in this study. To demonstrate Multi-Gbps data throughput for the smartphone, four or six two-antenna building blocks are used to implement eight or twelve MIMO antennas. By using the MIMO testbed developed at NSYSU, the measured channel capacity of about 35 bps/Hz with 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained with eight antennas applied in an 8 x 8 MIMO system. In the case of twelve antennas applied in a 12 x 8 MIMO system, a 3.8-Gbps throughput (about 38 bps/Hz spectral efficiency) with a 100-MHz bandwidth and 256-QAM modulation has also been achieved. To further analyze the channel capacity and throughput of the twelve-antenna smartphone applied in a 12 x 8 MIMO system, the user’s hand effects, various indoor/outdoor scenarios, and the ECC effects are tested. The design concept of the decoupled two-antenna building block has also been applied in achieving 3.5/5.8-GHz dual-band operation for mobile and wireless local area networks. The dual-band eight MIMO antennas have been experimentally studied. The obtained MIMO performance is presented and discussed.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 xii
第一章 序論 (Introduction)
1.1 5G概述與研究動機 1
1.2 文獻導覽 4
1.3 論文各章節提要 6
第二章 5G手機之MIMO八天線設計 (Eight MIMO Antennas for the 5G Smartphone)
2.1 手機MIMO八天線結構與技術原理說明 8
2.2 手機MIMO八天線模擬及量測結果 17
2.3 MIMO通道容量測試平台介紹 26
2.4 8 x 8 MIMO通道容量的理論計算與實測結果 30
2.5 考慮實際應用之手機MIMO八天線分析研究 32
2.6 手機MIMO八天線之延伸設計 37
2.7 心得與討論 43
第三章 手機MIMO十二天線應用於12 x 8 MIMO系統之通道容量與吞吐量特性分析 (Channel Capacity and Throughput of the 12-Antenna Smartphone Applied in a 12 x 8 MIMO System)
3.1 手機MIMO十二天線結構與量測結果 46
3.2 12 x 8 MIMO系統之通道容量與吞吐量實測結果 51
3.3 使用者手握對12 x 8 MIMO效能之影響 56
3.4 室內場景之12 x 8 MIMO效能實測結果 61
3.5 戶外場景之12 x 8 MIMO效能實測結果 77
3.6 封包相關係數對12 x 8 MIMO通道容量與吞吐量之影響 89
3.7 心得與討論 94
第四章 5G手機之3.5/5.8 GHz雙頻MIMO天線設計 (3.5/5.8-GHz Dual-Band MIMO Antennas for the 5G Smartphone)
4.1 手機雙頻MIMO八天線結構與技術原理說明 96
4.2 手機雙頻MIMO八天線模擬及量測結果 104
4.3 雙頻MIMO通道容量測試平台介紹 109
4.4 雙頻8 x 8 MIMO效能的實測結果與分析 115
4.5 心得與討論 123
第五章 結論 (Conclusions) 125
參考文獻 (References) 127
論文著作表 (Publication List) 132

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