在交流-交流能量轉換的議題上，常見的交流-交流轉換器通常使用直流鏈電容進行穩壓及兩交流端中間的能量暫存，然而此電容器會影響轉換器設備的壽命及體積，且需要軟啟動電路以預防過大的突波電流。近年來隨著電力電子之創新與發展，間接式矩陣轉換器被提出，此架構調變上比較複雜，但沒有直流鏈電容所帶來的問題。
本文提出一種以定斜率載波脈波寬度調變實現間接式矩陣轉換器零電流換向的方法。此方法能有效降低間接式矩陣器電路架構中開關訊號實現上的難度，使原本需要以變動斜率載波進行調變之命令訊號以此方法變為可用固定斜率之載波完成。且此調變方法之參考命令沒有跳躍不連續點，控制上比較不容易造成開關切換錯誤。最後藉由輸出端功率因數調整實驗，輸出端輸出頻率實驗及輸出負載變動實驗驗證此方法之可行性。

When it comes to AC/AC conversion, AC/AC converters that have a dc-link capacitor to be an energy buffer between two ac systems and regulate dc-link voltage are commonly used. However, this capacitor affects life and volume of the converter device and requires soft-start circuit to prevent excessive inrush current. In recent years, with the innovation and development of power electronics, indirect matrix converter was proposed; this topology is more complex in modulation, but no drawbacks that caused by a dc-link capacitance.
In this thesis, a carrier-based modulation method is proposed to implement zero current commutation (ZCC) in an indirect matrix converter (IMC) with a fixed-slope carrier. This method reduces the difficulty of producing switching signals that follows ZCC by modifying reference signals of carrier-based PWM method that needs a varying-slope carrier. The modified reference signals can then be used in PWM processes with a fixed-slope carrier. Moreover, there is no jump discontinuity in the modified reference signals, which can avoid abrupt changes in control that cause switching errors. At the end, the feasibility of this method is verified by experiments as input power factor correction, output frequency limitation test and output load variation.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Organization 2
Chapter 2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Topologies of IMC 3
2.1.1 Sparse Matrix Converters 4
2.1.2 Z-Source Indirect Matrix Converters 6
2.2 Commutation Methods of Indirect Matrix Converter 7
2.2.1 Zero Voltage Commutation 8
2.2.2 Zero Current Commutation 9
2.3 SVPWM-CPWM Correlation Method 10
2.3.1 Rectifier Stage Modulation 11
2.3.2 Inverter Stage Modulation 16
2.3.3 Zero Current Commutation Arrangement 19
2.4 Variable-Slope CPWM Method 21
Chapter 3 Principles of Modulation 27
3.1 Zero Current Commutation 28
3.2 Fixed-Slope Carrier Method 30
3.2.1 Formation of the Fixed-Slope Carrier Method 30
3.2.2 Derivation of the Fixed-Slope Carrier Method 30
3.3 Modulation Functions 34
3.3.1 Rectifier Stage Modulation Function 34
3.3.2 Inverter Stage Modulation Function 37
3.4 Constraint 38
3.4.1 Constraint of Power Direction 38
3.4.2 Constraint of Input Power Factor 39
3.5 Vector Trajectory 41
Chapter 4 Experimental Results 43
4.1 Circuit Diagram and Control Scheme 43
4.1.1 Calculation of Input Current References 45
4.1.2 Output Voltage Peak Value Control 49
4.2 Basic Modulation Signals 49
4.2.1 Rectifier Stage Reference Signal 50
4.2.2 Inverter Stage Reference Signals 50
4.2.3 Zero current commutation 51
4.3 Experiment Results 53
4.3.1 Input Power Factor Correction 53
4.3.2 Output Frequency Limitation Test 60
4.3.3 Output Load Variation 62
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work 67
5.1 Conclusion 67
5.2 Future Work 67
Reference 68
Appendix 72

[1] C. Klumpner, M. Lee, C. Pitic, P. Wheeler and P. Zanchetta, "A New Three-Level Indirect Matrix Converter with Reduced Number of Switches," 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, pp. 186-193, Sep. 2007.
[2] L. Rmili, S. Rahmani and K. Al-Haddad, "PWM Modulation Strategy of Three-Phase AC-AC Power Converters Based on Sparse Indirect Matrix Converter," 2015 IEEE 12th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD15), pp. 1-6, Mar. 2015.
[3] T. D. Nguyen and H. H. Lee, "Carrier-Based PWM Method for Four-Leg Very Sparse Matrix Converter," 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia, pp. 1703-1710, May./Jun. 2011.
[4] J. W. Kolar, M. Baumann, F. Schafmeister and H. Ertl, "Novel Three-Phase AC-DC-AC Sparse Matrix Converter," APEC. Seventeenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Cat. No.02CH37335), pp. 777-791 vol.2, Aug. 2002.
[5] J. Schonberger, T. Friedli, S. D. Round and J. W. Kolar, "An Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter with a Novel Active Clamp Circuit," 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya, pp. 784-791, Apr. 2007.
[6] F. Z. Peng, "Z-source inverter," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 504-510, Mar./Apr. 2003.
[7] P. Boonseam, N. Jarutus and Y. Kumsuwan, "A Control Strategy for a Matrix Converter Based on Venturini Method Under Unbalanced Input Voltage Conditions," 2016 13th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), pp. 1-6, Jun. 2016.
[8] S. Zhang, K. J. Tseng and T. D. Nguyen, "Novel Three-Phase AC-AC Z-Source Converters Using Matrix Converter Theory," 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, pp. 3063-3070, Sep. 2009.
[9] P. W. Wheeler, J. Clare and L. Empringham, "Enhancement of matrix converter output waveform quality using minimized commutation times," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 240-244, Feb. 2004.
[10] V. K. Khanna, The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT): Theory and Design, NJ, Piscataway:IEEE Press, Aug. 2003. ISBN 0-471-23845-7.
[11] T. D. Nguyen and H. H. Lee, "Generalized Carrier-Based PWM Method for Indirect Matrix Converters," 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), pp. 223-228, Sep.2012.
[12] M. P. Kazmierkowski, R. Krishnan and F. Blaabjerg. Control in Power Electronics: Selected Problems, San Diego: Academic Press, Aug. 2002. ISBN 978-0-12-402772-5.
[13] P. J. Sotorrio-Ruiz, F. J. Sanchez-Pacheco, F. M. Perez-Hidalgo and J. R. Heredia-Larrubia, "Modulation of a Trapezoidal Signal: Improving Signal Quality and Reducing Costs in Power Inverters," in IET Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 568-576, Apr. 2017.
[14] G. T. Chiang and J. i. Itoh, "Comparison of Two Overmodulation Strategies in an Indirect Matrix Converter," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 43-53, Jan. 2013.
[15] K. Zhou and D. Wang, "Relationship Between Space-Vector Modulation and Three-Phase Carrier-Based PWM: A Comprehensive Analysis," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 186-196, Feb 2002.
[16] A. M. Hava, S. K. Sul, R. J. Kerkman and T. A. Lipo, "Dynamic Overmodulation Characteristics of Triangle Intersection PWM Methods," Industry Applications Conference, 1997. Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, IAS '97., Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE, pp. 1520-1528 vol.2, Jul./Aug. 1997.
[17] B. Wang and G. Venkataramanan, "A Carrier Based PWM Algorithm for Indirect Matrix Converters," 2006 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1-8, Jun. 2006.
[18] Y. d. Yoon and S. k. Sul, "Carrier-Based Modulation Technique for Matrix Converter," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1691-1703, Nov. 2006.
[19] B. Wu, High-Power Converters and AC Drives, New York:Wiley-IEEE Press, Mar. 2006. ISBN 0-471-73171-4.
[20] J. i. Itoh and S. Tamada, "A novel engine generator system with active filter and UPS functions using a matrix converter," 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1-10, Sep. 2007.
[21] Y. Bak and K. B. Lee, "Constant Speed Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Reverse Matrix Converter under Variable Generator Input Conditions," in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1, Jun. 2017.
[22] M. Ortega, F. Jurado and J. Carpio, "Control of Indirect Matrix Converter with Bidirectional Output Stage for Micro-Turbine," in IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 659-668, Jul. 2012.
[23] V. Kaura and V. Blasko, "Operation of a Phase Locked Loop System Under Distorted Utility Conditions," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 58-63, Jan./Feb. 1997.
[24] X. Wang, H. Lin, B. Feng and Y. Lyu, "Damping of Input LC Filter Resonance Based on Virtual Resistor for Matrix Converter," 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 3910-3916, Sep. 2012.
[25] H. Akagi, E. H. Watanbe and M. Aredes, Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning, NJ/New York, Piscataway:IEEE Press/Wiley-Interscience, Mar. 2007. ISBN 978-0-470-10761-4.
[26] N. Mohan, T. Undeland and W. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters Applications and Design, New York:Wiley, Sep. 2002. ISBN 978-0-471-22693-2.