摘要
本研究主要探討台灣周邊不同海域之透明胞外聚合顆粒物質(Transparent Exopolymer Particles, TEP)之分布以及影響TEP分布之水文及生地化因子，研究期間台灣東南部黑潮海域TEP濃度分布極大值大致上出現在次表層之透光層中，在次表層以下，TEP濃度隨著深度遞增而遞減。TEP在不同測站之最大值與Chl. a的極大值深度相當吻合，表示在東南部海域透光層中TEP分布主要受到浮游植物而非物理條件所控制。而且隨著Chl. a的濃度增加，TEP在顆粒態與溶解態有機碳中所佔的比例亦隨之增加，顯示當生產力提高時，可能有利於DOC經由TEP轉為POC生成。
在台灣海峽與高屏峽谷TEP濃度分布受到了大陸沿岸流以及陸源輸入的影響，而隨著離陸源輸入口距離的增加而遞減，而海域內其他生地化參數亦呈現相同趨勢。由於透光層內TEP濃度隨著Chl. a增加而增加，表示陸源輸入的營養鹽有助於海域內基礎生產力的提升，間接提高了TEP分布，故推論TEP仍受浮游植物分泌所控制。
研究期間東沙環礁外海域因受到不同程度內波作用影響，營養鹽與Chl. a在表層海水均有受到抬升之現象，從而影響TEP之分布。而內波作用的強弱也造成兩次航次間TEP濃度的差異。從TEP與Chl. a的關係推論，東沙海域TEP的濃度仍受浮游植物的控制，但兩次航次內波作用的大小，不但影響TEP濃度上的差異，也間接改變了透光層中POC的濃度分布。
由水文及生地化多參數因子分析各海域內參數的結果顯示，TEP分布雖然主要受到浮游植物控制，但與植物生長有關之光照、溫度與營養鹽皆可能因不同海域，而有所不同，並間接影響TEP之分布。從研究結果顯示，台灣東南部黑潮海域以及東沙環礁外海域之TEP分布較台灣海峽及高屏峽谷低，可能與近岸海域受到陸源輸入高營養鹽影響，而有較高基礎生產力有關，而間接提升TEP之分布。若與世界其他海域TEP分布比較，台灣海峽與高屏峽谷TEP之分布與一般近岸海域分布相當一致，而台灣東南部黑潮海域及東沙海域TEP亦與其他開放性大洋之分布相當。

Abstract
This study investigates the distributions and controls of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in marginal seas around Taiwan. In the euphotic zone of Kuroshio Water off southeast Taiwan, the concentration of TEP generally reached a maximum in the subsurface and then decreased with depth. The maximum concentration of TEP in every station in the Kuroshio Water coincides with the subsurface maximum of chlorophyll a (Chl. a). This implied that TEP in the euphotic zone was controlled by biological rather than physical processes. Furthermore, the ratios of TEP /POC and TEP/DOC increased with Chl. a indicating that the increase of primary production may enhance DOC transformation to POC through the formation of TEP.
Concentrations of TEP in the Taiwan Strait and Gaoping coastal sea decreased generally with the increase of seaward distance, showing the same pattern of nutrient distribution. Apparently, the terrestrial input of nutrient may increase phytoplankton abundance and enhance the formation of TEP. Positive correlations were significant between TEP and Chl. a, suggesting that the distribution of TEP in the euphotic zone of Taiwan Strait and Gaoping coastal sea are also controlled by biological processes.
During the study period, the concentrations of nutrient and Chl. a were elevated in the surface water around the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea (SCS), due to the influence of internal wave. According to the close relation between TEP and Chl. a, concentrations of TEP around Dongsha Island were also likely controlled by phytoplankton activity, but the different strength of internal wave may lead to the different conditions of TEP, Chl. a and POC distributions.
The results of factor analysis support the fact that distributions of TEP are mainly controlled by biological processes, but various physical conditions could also influence distributions of TEP in the water column. Overall, concentrations of TEP are generally higher in the Taiwan Strait and Gaoping coastal sea than in the Donshia shelf sea and Kuroshio Water off southeast Taiwan. Nevertheless, distributions of TEP are all comparable with previous findings in other coastal and marginal seas.

目錄
致謝.................................................................................................................................I
中文摘要......................................................................................................................III
英文摘要.......................................................................................................................V
目錄............................................................................................................................VII
表目錄..........................................................................................................................XI
圖目錄........................................................................................................................XII
第一章 前言…............................................................................................................1
第二章 研究區域....................................................................................................…4
2.1 台灣東部黑潮海域…...................................................................................6
2.2 台灣海峽…...................................................................................................6
2.3 高屏峽谷..................................................................................................….9
2.4 南海北部東沙環礁海域.............................................................................10
第三章 材料與方法…..............................................................................................12
3.1 採樣位置與方法….....................................................................................12
3.1.1 採樣時期及位置…..............................................................................12
3.1.2 採樣方法…..........................................................................................14
3.1.2-1 基本水文參數…........................................................................14
3.1.2-2 營養鹽…....................................................................................14
3.1.2-3 葉綠素a.................................................................................….14
3.1.2-4 TEP的採集….............................................................................14
3.1.2-5 溶解態有機碳 (DOC)及顆粒態有機碳 (POC)/氮 (PON)的採集................................................................................................15
3.2 樣品分析方法…........................................................................................15
3.2.1 溶解態有機碳之分析…......................................................................15
3.2.2 顆粒態有機碳、氮分析......................................................................15
3.2.3 營養鹽之測定…..................................................................................15
3.2.4 低濃度溶解態無機氮 ( NO3-+NO2- ) 之測定..............................….16
3.2.5 低濃度溶解態反應性磷 (Low SRP )之分析….................................16
3.2.6 Chl. a 之測量…..................................................................................17
3.2.7 TEP ( Transparent Exopolymer Particles )之測定...............................17
第四章 結果與討論…..............................................................................................19
4.1 台灣東部黑潮海域….................................................................................19
4.1.1 台灣東部黑潮海域水文特徵.........................................................….19
4.1.2 台灣東部黑潮海域營養鹽與Chl. a之分布.......................................24
4.1.3 台灣東部黑潮海域POC、PN之分布…...........................................29
4.1.4 台灣東部黑潮區域TEP之分布….....................................................31
4.1.5 TEP與POC之關係............................................................................33
4.1.6 TEP與浮游植物分泌之關係.........................................................….36
4.2 台灣海峽….................................................................................................40
4.2.1 台灣海峽水文特徵..............................................................................40
4.2.2 台灣海峽營養鹽及Chl. a之分布…...................................................45
4.2.3 台灣海峽POC及PN之分布........................................................….51
4.2.4 台灣海峽TEP之分布….....................................................................52
4.2.5 TEP與POC之關係.......................................................................….55
4.2.6 TEP與浮游植物分布(Chl. a)之關係..................................................59
4.3 高屏海域.....................................................................................................62
4.3.1 高屏海域水文特徵..............................................................................62
4.3.2 高屏海域營養鹽與Chl. a之分布.......................................................66
4.3.3 高屏海域POC及PN之分布.............................................................75
4.3.4 高屏海域TEP之分布..........................................................................76
4.3.5 TEP與POC之關係.............................................................................80
4.3.6 TEP與浮游植物之關係......................................................................82
4.4 東沙環礁海域.............................................................................................83
4.4.1 東沙島附近水文特徵..........................................................................83
4.4.2 東沙環礁營養鹽與Chl. a之分布.......................................................92
4.4.3 東沙環礁POC、PN之分布.................................................................99
4.4.4 東沙環礁TEP之分布........................................................................105
4.4.5 TEP與POC之關係............................................................................111
4.4.6 TEP與浮游植物分泌之關係............................................................114
4.5 各海域TEP分布之比較及影響因子.......................................................118
4.5.1 多參數因子分析................................................................................118
4.5.2 各海域TEP之濃度分布差異............................................................126
第五章 結論............................................................................................................128
參考文獻....................................................................................................................130
中文部份....................................................................................................................130
英文部分....................................................................................................................131

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