港口城市具備港口與城市於主體間之連動性，相互依存，影響鄰近社會和經濟
效益。然而人類活動可能造成的空間衝突與資源錯配，導致普遍港市欠缺一致發展
方向與明確參考目標，成長路徑不符預期，或有損整體國家利益。此外，水岸地區
人口聚集以及全球環境氣候變遷，促使港口城市脆弱度有別於一般內陸城市，必須
進行獨立評估考量。
而有鑒於不同領域亦曾提倡定位相關之規劃理念，為確保各港口城市在特定
物理和自然條件下表現出固有潛在發展優勢，本研究旨通過回顧港市定義與型態、
發展進程與挑戰以及相關對應評比指標架構等文獻，以港口競爭力和城市永續性
為核心，將其評估指標分為「投資者」與「客戶」以及「社會」、「經濟」與「環境」，
五個面向進行檢視，並藉由分析二十個代表性港口城市之相對定位，在各指標予以
量化、標準化和權重後，導入港市發展關聯模型，歸納出港口城市發展型態、定位
與關聯性，再以高雄為例，提出合理港市合一發展策略，從而建置出港市發展定位
評估基本模式，為後續提供相關決策工具與概念，以致協助決策者進行港市最佳化
發展路徑藍圖之規劃及評估。結果顯示，亞洲港市普遍著重港口競爭力；歐洲港市
則普遍著重城市永續性，當中又以港口主導之發展模式推動港市合一最為顯著。

Port cities are related to each other, influence the economic and social values nearby.
However, spatial conflict and resource misdistribution caused by human activities may
lead to inconsistent development directions and uncertain reference targets of port cities.
Furthermore, coastal area population agglomeration and global warming have made port
cities more vulnearabe than general inland cities, which must be planned independently.
As different study fields have also advocated the concept of positioning, to ensure
the inherent potential of port cities can be realized, this research aims to build a port city
development positioning analysis model by review the definitions, development
processes, and related index models of port cities, then using port competitiveness and
cities sustainability as a framework, separated into “Investors”, “Customers”,
“Social”, ”Economic”, and “Environment”, five dimensions, to analysis the relative
position of twenty representative port cities, after quantification, standardization, and
weighting, importing data into the port city development relation model, summarize the
development model, position, and relation of port cities, then choosing Kaohsiung as an
example, to project a suitable development strategy for port cities.
The results indicated that Asian port cities typically focus on port competitiveness,
European port cities typically focus on cities sustainably. Meanwhile, port
competitiveness development priority can reduce more conflicts between port and cities
comparing with cities sustainability development priority.

論文審定書 ....................................................................................................................... i
誌謝 .................................................................................................................................. ii
摘要 ................................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iv
目錄 ................................................................................................................................... v
表次 ................................................................................................................................. ix
圖次 ................................................................................................................................. xi

緒論.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ..................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的與問題 .................................................................................2
1.3 研究章節流程.......................................................................................3

港口城市之相關研究與理論.............................................................................5
2.1 港口城市..............................................................................................5
2.1.1 港口定義與空間界定......................................................................... 5
2.1.2 城市定義與空間界定......................................................................... 8
2.1.3 港市界面–濱水區定義與角色......................................................... 10
2.1.4 港口城市定義與角色 ....................................................................11
2.2 港口城市之發展...............................................................................15
2.2.1 港口發展導向 ................................................................................ 15
2.2.2 城市發展導向 ................................................................................ 18
2.2.3 港口城市發展挑戰........................................................................ 21
2.3 港口城市發展評估系統 .................................................................25
2.3.1 港口競爭力評估 ............................................................................ 25
2.3.2 城市永續發展評估........................................................................ 28
2.4 港口城市定位與發展策略.............................................................34

研究方法與模式建構.......................................................................................37
3.1 比較研究法.........................................................................................37
3.2 港市研究個案篩選與資料蒐集分析.................................................39
3.2.1 港口城市研究個案篩選................................................................... 39
3.2.2 港口城市指標架構........................................................................... 41
3.2.3 港口城市指標項目........................................................................... 44
3.2.4 資料校正與權重............................................................................... 46
3.3 資料相關性與迴歸分析.....................................................................51

研究結果分析...................................................................................................56
4.1 個案港市基本定位分析.....................................................................56
4.2 港口城市指標描述性統計.................................................................60
4.2.1 港口指標描述性統計....................................................................... 60
4.2.2 城市指標描述性統計....................................................................... 63
4.2.3 港口城市指標數據描述統計........................................................... 66
4.3 基礎指標相關性分析.........................................................................68
4.3.1 港口指標相關性分析....................................................................... 68
4.3.2 城市指標相關性分析....................................................................... 70
4.3.3 港口城市指標相關性分析............................................................... 72
4.4 港口城市指標之迴歸分析.................................................................77
4.4.1 港口指標相互比較分析................................................................... 77
4.4.2 城市指標相互比較分析................................................................... 79
4.4.3 港口城市指標相互比較分析........................................................... 85

討論與結論.......................................................................................................88
5.1 港口城市發展架構.............................................................................88
5.1.1 港口城市發展型態........................................................................... 88
5.1.2 港口城市發展定位........................................................................... 91
5.1.3 港口城市發展關聯........................................................................... 94
5.2 港市合一發展策略.............................................................................95

研究限制與建議...............................................................................................98
參考文獻.......................................................................................................................100
中文參考資料.......................................................................................................100
英文參考資料.......................................................................................................102
參考數據.......................................................................................................................118
中文參考數據.......................................................................................................118
英文參考數據.......................................................................................................121
附錄一：港口城市架構之量化指標...........................................................................128
附錄二：港口城市指標數據.......................................................................................132
附錄三：港口城市數據校正.......................................................................................152
附錄四：港口城市表現數據及排名...........................................................................154
附錄五：港口城市相關性分析矩陣...........................................................................158

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