由於多媒體系統軟硬體大量普及，帶動數位多媒體內容急速增加，對這些數位化資料進行快速檢索成為一個迫切問題，而鏡頭偵測(Shot detection)是處理數位化影片，如分類、註解、儲存等之第一步，不同鏡頭間變換，其銜接方式大致上可分為兩類，突然性鏡頭轉換(Abrupt shot change)和漸進式鏡頭轉換（Gradual Transition），而漸進式鏡頭轉換目前最為常見者即是溶解(dissolve)，由於漸進式鏡頭轉換是人為之編輯動作，所以如有發生此種鏡頭轉換之所在者，可以說具有重要事件如場景變動。
在本篇論文中利用一種新影像編碼特徵：碎形正交基底技術，由於其滿足下列性質：
(a) 相似影像有相似碎形函數；
(b) 相似歸結圖有相似碎形函數；
(c) 兩碎形函數不相似，其歸結圖亦不相似；
(d) 兩影像不相似，其碎形函數亦不相似；
所以可作為影像間相似度比對之良好特徵。
利用此特徵提出一個方法，量化不同畫面間相似度，並利用此資訊作為進行鏡頭轉換偵測依據，由於不需和傳統方法一般需要使用臨界值，所以具有良好之強韌性。

The developing of multimedia to make the video data to increase very quickly.So how to acquire the data that we want in a short time is a more important topic.

Shot change detection is the first step for latter operation like classification and annotations. There are two type of shot change, one is abrupt shot change and the other one is gradual transition. Dissolve is the one of gradual transition that often seen but hard to detection, so in the paper would to propose a robust method to solve this problem.

In this paper we use fractal orthonormal basis for our feature to compare frames in the video to the first frame of video, and use the quantification between those frames to draw a graph.

By analyzing the graph and the characteristic of dissolve in the graph we can locate the approximately the start frame and the end frame of the dissolve. But by the action of video camera or motion of object in frame we may obtained the inaccurate start frame or end frame of the dissolve. So we need to refine the more accurate start and end frame of the dissolve, and we will explain about this in Chapter 3-4

中文摘要 1
目錄 2
圖表目錄 4
第一章 偵測影像畫面變化相關研究 6
1.1影片階層分類 6
1.2鏡頭變換種類 7
1.2.1 突然性鏡頭轉換(Abrupt Cut) 7
1.2.2漸進式鏡頭轉換（Gradual Transition） 9
1.3 判斷時使用特徵 16
1.3.1像素(Pixel) 16
1.3.2 直方圖(Histograms) 19
1.3.3 Compression feature 23
1.3.4 Edge Tracking 27
1.4 研究概述 31
第二章碎形基本理論 34
2.1 轉換之收歛性 37
2.2 迭代函數系統 (iterative function system) 37
2.3 影像分割 38
2.4 迭代函數 39
2.5 碎形在影像搜尋之應用 42
2.6 Orthogonal Basis IFS 44
第三章 研究方法步驟及結果 50
3.1 以碎形進行影像間差異值量化 50
3.2取出可能之轉換過程位置 57
3.2.1基本轉換過程表示 57
3.2.2 轉換過程分類 59
3.2.3可能之轉換過程所在 62
3.3精鍊起終點轉換位置 66
3.4方法比較 75
第四章結論 92
REFERENCES 93

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