垃圾滲出水由於掩埋的成分不同，水質變化很大，並含有高濃度的COD、BOD及營養鹽。如利用傳統的污水處理廠進行滲出水處理，不但要配合多變化的水質加以設計及建造，更需花費相當大的操作及管理成本去營運。因此利用建造成本低且維護容易的人工濕地，來處理垃圾滲出水或許具有其發展的潛能。由本研究的實驗結果顯示，表面下流式人工濕地系統(SSF)在各個所監測污染物質的去除效果上，皆優於自由表面水流式人工濕地系統(FWS)，而運用於垃圾掩埋場實場上，也以SSF系統較為理想，究其原因是由於FWS系統為較開放性之水域，水面暴露於空氣中，在進流水處會有臭味產生，同時亦較會產生病媒蚊孳生的問題。本研究中所採用之模廠型人工濕地對於滲出水中磷酸鹽的去除有優異的效果(達73%)，總磷平均去除率可達70％，而在總氮方面的平均去除率則為57%；至於在NH3-N的平均去除率方面則為77％ ，COD的平均去除率為43%，而BOD於放流水中的平均濃度更達放流水的標準(30 mg/L)。因此利用人工濕地處理垃圾滲出水極具有發展潛力。而從實驗的成果亦發現，蘆葦在本研究中模廠型人工濕地的模型槽內的生長狀況並不佳，主要是因為掩埋場的環境受侷限，致使其人工濕地內之生態相並不豐富，因此無法形成自然的食物鏈關係，使得蘆葦遭受蚜蟲的侵害而死亡。本人工濕地系統所種植之另一種植物種為萬年青，其生長狀況則良好，並呈現出具有去除污染物的效果。另外，由於本人工濕地系統缺乏異營性微生物可利用之有機碳源，因此，於實驗試程的後期添加有機碳源(果糖及糖蜜)。由實驗結果發現額外添加有機碳源將可增進脫硝作用的效率，使得硝酸鹽有明顯的去除效果，其中又以添加糖蜜將可使硝酸鹽的去除效率增高至90%以上。

Due to various components within the landfill sites, the water qualityof landfill leachate, which has high consistency of COD, BOD and nutrients, is unsteady. Using traditional sewage treatment plant to treat leachate should be designed and built to fit the unsteady water quality, which is usually time consuming and high expenditured. Therefore, application of constructed wetland treatment systems as altanatives may solve such kinds of problems
According to the experimental results of this study, referring to the effect of cleaning the controlling substances, the SSF (sub-surface flow system) constructed wetland system performed better than the FWS (free-water surface system) one, which was because FWS was usually operated in an opening water areas, which exposured to the air causing stink in the inflow site of influent, and meanwhile caused problems of virus-transmitting mosquitoes. . Thus, it was suggested to use SSF system in treating landfill leachate.
In this study, we found that the average removal efficiencies of pollutants in the leachate were high in the constructed wetland systmes (phosphate 73%, total phosphorous 70％, total nitrogen 57%, NH3-N 77％, COD 43% ). In addition, the BOD in the effluent from the systems could reach the outflow standard guideline in Taiwan (30 mg/L). Hence, using constructed wetland systems to solve those problems arisen from landfill leachate is expandable.
We also found that the aquatic plant species of reed (Phragmites australis) that we used in this study could not grow well and was invaded by aphid due to the limitary environment in the landfill site and lack of biodiversity, which could not generate a good natural food chain. On the other hand, it was found that the plant species of evergreen (Dracaena sanderiana) could grow healthily and present high removal efficiencies for pollutants. Since the leachate was lack of biodegradable organic carbon sources used for denitrification, in the final test run of this study, we run an experiment of adding organic carbon sourcecs (fructose and molasses) into the constructed wetland systemis to test its effect on denitrification. The experimental results showed that the addition of organic carbon sources could significantly increase the efficiencies of denitrification to let more nitrate removed from the leachate, especially for molasses, which could increase the denitrification efficiency above 90%.

第一章 緒論 1-1
1.1 研究動機 1-1
1.2 研究目的 1-4
第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
2.1 濕地的定義與功能 2-1
2.1.1 濕地的定義 2-1
2.1.2 濕地的功能 2-3
2.2 溼地的分類與構成要素 2-6
2.2.1 溼地的分類 2-6
2.2.2 濕地的構成要素 2-10
2.3 濕地植物的貢獻 2-16
2.3.1 濕地植物的功能 2-16
2.3.2 植物根區效應與氧的傳輸機制 2-17
2.4 濕地去除污染物之機制 2-20
2.4.1 氮的去除 2-20
2.4.2 磷的去除 2-23
2.4.3 有機物與懸浮固體 2-24
2.5 人工濕地處理系統 2-27
2.5.1 人工濕地的類型 2-27
2.5.2 人工濕地的優缺點 2-29
2.6 垃圾滲出水的特性與文獻比較 2-32
2.6.1 垃圾滲出水的特性 2-32
2.6.2 人工濕地處理垃圾滲出水之相關文獻 2-33
第三章 模廠建立與研究方法 3-1
3.1概述 3-1
3.2 人工濕地模廠之建立 3-1
3.2.1 濕地系統之設備 3-3
3.2.2 系統操作之條件 3-3
3.2.3 本研究之垃圾滲出水特性 3-5
3.3 植物種類 3-5
3.3.1 蘆葦 3-5
3.3.2 萬年青 3-6
3.4 水樣採集及水質監測分析 3-6
3.4.1 水樣採集 3-6
3.4.2 水質分析項目及方法 3-7
第四章 結果與討論 4-1
4.1 物理性監測 4-1
4.1.1 水溫(Temperature, oC) 4-1
4.1.2 鹽度(Salinity, 0/00) 4-3
4.1.3 pH值 4-4
4.1.4 溶氧(Dissolved Oxygen, DO) 4-5
4.1.5 比導電度(Specific Conductivity, ms/cm) 4-7
4.2 人工濕地系統之水質變化與去除率 4-9
4.2.1 BOD濃度及去除率之變化 4-9
4.2.2 COD濃度及去除率之變化 4-11
4.2.3 氮循環及去除率變化 4-13
4.2.4 磷循環及去除率變化 4-19
4.2.5 總懸浮固體(TSS)濃度及去除率變化 4-22
4.3 污染物單位面積負荷對出流濃度與去除率之影響 4-26
4.3.1第一階段單位面積負荷對出流濃度與去除速率之關係 4-27
4.3.2 第三階段單位面積負荷對出流濃度與去除速率之關係 4-33
4.4 重金屬(Heavy Metal) 4-40
4.5 添加碳源對於濕地中脫硝作用的影響 4-41
4.5.1 硝酸鹽氮的去除 4-42
4.5.2 總氮(TN)的去除 4-42
4.5.3以人工濕地處理垃圾滲出水的需求條件 4-42
4.6 溫度校正係數 4-45
4.6.1 氨氮的溫度校正係數 4-45
4.6.2 總氮的溫度校正係數 4-47
4.6.3 磷酸鹽的溫度校正係數 4-49
4.6.4 總磷的溫度校正係數 4-50
第五章 結論與建議 5-1
5.1 結論 5-1
5.2 建議 5-3

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