本論文主要討論靠近海面的聲場，其聲波於海面為垂直入射時，海面的波動與聲波之間的交互作用。而其中，又特別聚焦於其頻率上的變化：都普勒效應(Doppler effect)以及勞埃鏡面效應(Lloyd mirror effect)。自實驗接收訊號解析結果發現，其第二到達波，也就是海面反射波，有如前人研究般明暗不定的現象；此外，接收訊號的頻譜，特別於長時間的M-seq訊號中，可看見訊號頻譜呈現隨時間不規則扭動的起伏變化，同時訊號的頻譜也依頻率切分成規律的多個等分，且等分的寬度會隨時間忽寬忽窄的變化。至此所述，於本研究中推斷為海面波浪起伏造成的都普勒效應，致使訊號頻譜產生扭曲：而海面假想聲源所造成的勞埃面鏡效應，則可為訊號頻譜被切分註解。而在本研究的後半段，開始討論是否可將此二者波浪產生的物理性質量化。一旦確認可將海面受微小外力所產生的小幅度波動，明確地於不論都普勒效應或勞埃鏡面效應中數值化，將可於日後探討波浪變化，或是利用波浪變化來推估通道聲場可能的變化。

This paper is focusing on the acoustic signal’s frequency variation with the near by ocean surface have small vertical motion. According to three times examination results, we found that the receiving signal spectrum have distortion up and down like the wave moving within time pass ,also the spectrum has been horizontally separate in several aliquots and while the spectrum distorting , the aliquots’ thickness changing as well. This situation is more outstanding in the long turn signal like M-seq. We consider these phenomenon are the presentation of Doppler effect and Lloyd mirror effect that cause by surface wave motion. At the very last, we use these two effects to quantify the variation relationship between surface wave high and frequency shift on signal.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表次 vii
圖次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.2.1聲波與海面交互作用 2
1.2.2波浪物理現象應用及觀測儀器 4
1.3研究目的 6
第二章 研究方法與理論 7
2.1 勞埃鏡面效應(Lloyd mirror effect) 7
2.2 都普勒現象(Doppler effect) 12
第三章 垂直音傳實驗 14
3.1實驗儀器 14
3.2實海域實驗 17
3.2.1實驗訊號─最大長度序列 17
3.2.2高屏峽谷垂直音傳實驗 19
3.2.3西子灣垂直音傳實驗(一) 22
3.2.4西子灣垂直音傳實驗(二) 24
3.3訊號處理 27
3.4實驗結果 29
第四章 實測海面波高與垂直音場 35
4.1都普勒現象(Doppler effect) 35
4.1.1數值假設驗證 37
4.1.2實際海域實驗資料 39
4.2勞埃鏡面效應(Lloyd mirror effect) 46
4.2.1水下垂直聲場變異模擬 47
4.2.2實際海域實驗資料 52
第五章 結果與討論 61
參考文獻 64

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