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博碩士論文 etd-1014108-111727 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-1014108-111727
論文名稱
Title
摻鉻釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖之生長系統改良與特性研究
Growth System Improvement and Characterization of Chromium-doped YAG Crystal Fiber
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
117
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-07-15
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-10-14
關鍵字
Keywords
晶體光纖
optical amplifier, ASE, Cr:YAG, crystal fiber
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5674 次,被下載 990
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5674 times, has been downloaded 990 times.
中文摘要
摻鉻釔鋁石榴石晶體(Cr4+:YAG)為一引人注目的增益介質,主要是因其自發輻射頻譜半高寬,為從1253奈米至1530奈米,涵蓋了大部份的光通訊低損耗波段。如此寬頻的光譜特性,使其適合發展為光通訊用之自發輻射放大光源、光放大器、和可調波長雷射。而將晶體生長成光纖的形態具有比塊材更佳的光波導效果,同時產生更高的光增益。對於雷射的應用,因晶體光纖可承受較大之光強度且散熱較佳,可發展低損耗閥值和高效率之雷射輸出。
雷射加熱基座生長法因無坩鍋汙染,可生長高純度晶體光纖。本實驗室為解決晶體光纖直徑縮小的問題,開發一種全新的包覆晶體光纖的技術,即共同提拉雷射加熱基座生長法,以此技術可生長出雙纖衣晶體光纖結構。雖然此方法可以生長出纖心尺寸小至10微米之雙纖衣晶體光纖,但生長之雷射功率的變化很容易造成纖心直徑起伏的問題,因而影響其光輸出的效率。我們進一步研發一種可穩定雷射功率擾動之熱電容機制,即管狀藍寶石輔助共同提拉雷射加熱基座之生長法,同時結合雷射功率回授程式,以增加其穩定雷射功率的效果。利用此創新的生長法,可生長出纖心小至10微米之雙纖衣晶體光纖,且纖心均勻度符合無模態能量損耗之傳輸準則。
利用自發輻射放大和光增益等量測之結果,配合數值模擬可穫得激發光吸收截面積、自發輻射截面積、和激發光與訊號光之激發態吸收截面積。根據模擬,激發光之激發態吸收損耗對光增益影響很大,若欲解決此損耗,必需採用激發光在內纖衣傳輸之幫浦架構。而雷射的部份,我們在室溫下已成功做出一突破世界記錄之低損耗閥值的摻鉻釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖雷射。此雷射具有雙斜率的特性,在輸出穿透率為3.8%之下,其雷射閥值為2.5毫瓦;在第二雷射閥值後,其斜率效率為6.9%。利用模擬可以預估,以一7公分的雙纖衣晶體光纖,在輸出穿透率為80%之下,可獲得56%的斜率效率。我們也首次將自發輻射放大光源當做生醫檢測系統裡之偵測光源,成功地達成一3.5微米之縱向解析度。
Abstract
Cr4+:YAG is an attractive gain medium due to its broad 3-dB emission spectra all the way from 1253 nm to 1530 nm that just cover the low loss window of silica fiber. Such a broadband characteristic offers a potential to develop a broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, optical amplifier, and tunable laser. Growing the Cr4+:YAG bulk crystal into fiber form is necessary for generating larger gain by the better optical confinement of the waveguide structure. For the application of laser, it is superior to bulk crystal for reduced lasing threshold and better slope efficiency due to also the optical confinement effect and better heat dissipation.
Laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method has been used to grow high purity crystal fibers due to its crucible free nature. A novel cladding technique, co-drawing LHPG (CDLHPG), was developed to solve core-reduction problem and obtained a double-clad fiber (DCF) structure. But the power fluctuation of heating laser caused large core variation of Cr4+:YAG DCF, and further impaired the optical performance. An innovating method for suppressing the fluctuation of heating power, sapphire tube assisted CDLHPG technique, was developed and combined with power feedback control program. By this technique, 10-μm-core Cr4+:YAG DCFs which meet the adiabatic propagation criterion were fabricated.
By comparing with ASE and optical amplifier experimental data, cross sections of pump absorption, emission, and excited-state absorptions (ESAs) of pump and signal were determined. Pump ESA loss limited the optical performance that could be solve by using cladding pump scheme. A record-low threshold Cr4+:YAG DCF laser with two slopes with respect to absorbed pump power was achieved at room temperature. The threshold pump powers were 2.5 mW and 96 mW in the low and high absorbed pump powers with the same output coupler transmittance of 3.8%, respectively. The slope efficiencies of the fiber laser were 0.4% and 6.9%, respectively. By numerical simulation, 56% slope efficiency can be achieved with a length of 7 cm and an output reflectance of 80%. Our group also firstly used the ASE as the light source of optical coherence tomography, an axial resolution of 3.5 μm was achieved.
目次 Table of Contents
中文摘要
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Numerical model of Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber devices
2.1 Properties of Cr4+:YAG crystal
2.2 Energy levels of Cr4+:YAG
2.3 Distributed model of ASE and amplifier
2.4 Lumped model of laser
Chapter 3 Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber growth
3.1 Laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) system
3.2 Single crystal fiber growth
3.3 Double-clad crystal fiber (DCF) growth
3.4 Sapphire tube assisted co-drawing LHPG growth
3.4.1 Sapphire tube assisted growth system
3.4.2 Growth system improvement
3.4.3 Fabrication of 10-μm-core DCF
Chapter 4 Characterization of Cr4+:YAG crystal fibers
4.1 Structure analysis
4.1.1 X-ray diffraction analysis of crystallinity
4.1.2 High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of DCF
4.2 Composition analysis
4.2.1 Single crystal fiber
4.2.2 Double-clad crystal fiber
4.3 Fluorescence mapping and analysis
4.3.1 Fluorescence and doping profiles of Cr:YAG single crystal fiber
4.3.2 Fluorescence and doping profiles of Cr:YAG DCFs
4.3.3 Emission and absorption spectra of Cr:YAG DCF in the inner cladding region
4.4 Propagation loss analysis
Chapter 5 Optical performance and discussion
5.1 ASE light source
5.2 Optical amplifier
5.2.1 Insertion loss
5.2.2 Gain measurement
5.3 Analysis and discussion
5.3.1 Cross sections of absorption, emission, and ESAs of pump and signal
5.3.2 Cladding pump scheme
5.3.3 Pump ESA spectrum
5.3.4 Comparison between CDF and EDF
5.4 Double-clad fiber laser
5.4.1 Laser performance
5.4.2 Optimization of DCF laser
5.4.3 Estimation of tuning range
5.5 Application: light source of optical coherence tomography
Chapter 6 Conclusions and future work
References
Biography
Publication list
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Chapter 5
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[5.12] D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254, 1178 (1991).
[5.13] http://www-atom.fysik.lth.se/MedOpt/index_files/innehall_files/lectures/Intro
%20Med%20Optics.pdf
[5.14] Y. Gottesman, E. V. K. Rao, H. Sillard, and J. Jacquet, “Modeling of optical low coherence reflectometry recorded Bragg reflectograms: Evidence to a decisive role of Bragg spectral selectivity,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 489 (2002).
Chapter 6
[6.1] S. Ming, D. J. Feng, Y. C. Huang, T. S. Lay, S. L. Huang, P. Yeh, and W. H. Cheng, “Mode matching and insertion loss in ultra-broadband Cr-doped multimode fibers,"Opt. Lett. 33, 785 (2008).
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