本論文提出一種應用於鋰離子電池的殘電量估測法，首先是以電池量測平台蒐集鋰電池在不同充放電方式下的資料並進行分析其特性。由於電池可輸出電容量會受到使用方式及環境的影響，故在電池初始電容量估測方面，修正了電池老化效應、自放電效應的影響，提出修正型開路電壓法。而在監測電池已輸出電容量方面，修正了輸出電流狀態與環境溫度的影響，提出修正型積分法。所發展的系統除了提供多種充放電功能外，並可長期紀錄電池電壓與檢測電池容量、儲存充放電資料以及即時監控電池充放電等情況，這些功能有利於未來進行各種電池充放電特性之研究。

This research proposes a method for estimating the residual capacity of Li-ion batteries. The charging and discharging characteristics of Li-ion batteries are investigated and analyzed by a battery test system. The measurement of the initial capacity is based on the improved open-circuit voltage measurement, which compensates the effects of battery aging and self-discharging. The measurement of the used capacity is based on the improved coulomb counting measurement, which compensates the effects of output current and environmental temperature. The designed system provides various functions for battery charging and discharging, battery voltage measuring and recording, battery capacity estimation and calculation, and the log files can be used for further battery characteristics analysis.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………II
目錄……………………………………………………………………III
圖列……………………………………………………………………VII
表列……………………………………………………………………XIV

第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機與目的……………………………………………1
1.2 研究背景與發展現況………………………………………2
1.3 論文架構……………………………………………………3

第二章 二次電池與電池等效電路之介紹…………………………5
2.1 前言…………………………………………………………5
2.2 理想電池與實際電池的差別………………………………5
2.3 二次電池……………………………………………………9
2.3.1 鉛酸電池……………………………………………………11
2.3.2 鎳鎘電池……………………………………………………14
2.3.3 鎳氫電池……………………………………………………18
2.3.4 鋰電池………………………………………………………20
2.3.5 二次電池性能比較…………………………………………28
2.4 電池等效電路………………………………………………30
2.4.1 理想模型……………………………………………………30
2.4.2 線性模型……………………………………………………31
2.4.3 戴維寧等效模型……………………………………………32
2.4.4 等效電容模型………………………………………………32
2.4.5 Pspice巨觀模型……………………………………………33

第三章 電池電容量檢測與蓄電池充電方式之探討………………37
3.1 影響電池可輸出電容量的因素……………………………37
3.1.1 放電電流……………………………………………………37
3.1.2 環境溫度……………………………………………………39
3.1.3 電池老化……………………………………………………40
3.1.4 自放電率……………………………………………………41
3.2 電池電容量檢測方法………………………………………41
3.2.1 比重法………………………………………………………42
3.2.2 開路電壓法…………………………………………………44
3.2.3 加載電壓法(閉迴路電壓法)………………………45
3.2.4 查表法………………………………………………46
3.2.5 安培小時法(庫倫檢測法、積分法)………………47
3.2.6 內電阻法……………………………………………49
3.2.7 其他方法……………………………………………56
3.2.8 各方法之比較………………………………………57
3.3 蓄電池的各式充電方法……………………………58
3.3.1 定電壓充電法………………………………………58
3.3.2 二段式定電壓充電法………………………………58
3.3.3 定電流充電法………………………………………59
3.3.4 混合定電流/定電壓充電法………………………61
3.3.5 脈衝式充電法………………………………………63
3.3.6 Reflex充電法.……………………………………63

第四章 智慧型鋰離子電池殘存電量估測之系統規劃……65
4.1 前言…………………………………………………65
4.2 技術背景……………………………………………66
4.3 系統之軟、硬體架構設計…………………………68
4.4 國外大廠之Gas Gauge IC應用……………………74

第五章 電池殘電量檢測演算法之建立……………………85
5.1 電池充、放電特性分析……………………………85
5.1.1 電池量測平台建立…………………………………85
5.1.2 電池充、放電實驗規劃……………………………87
5.1.3 電池量測數據分析…………………………………91
5.2 電池殘電量檢測演算法則…………………………108
5.2.1 修正型開路電壓法搭配修正型積分法……………108
5.2.2 修正型開路電壓法…………………………………109
5.2.3 修正型積分法………………………………………115

第六章 系統實現與討論……………………………………123
6.1 系統韌體實現………………………………………123
6.2 系統管理匯流排(System Management Bus)……132
6.3 系統測試成果………………………………………135

第七章 未來展望……………………………………………143
7.1 國內外市場現況與趨勢分析………………………143
7.2 結論…………………………………………………147

附錄一 電池相關名詞解釋……………………………………149
附錄二 IEEE1625………………………………………………153
附錄三 Panasonic 18650C……………………………………154
參考文獻………………………………………………………155
作者簡介………………………………………………………161

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