經濟考量為含揮發性有機物(VOCs)排氣處理方法選擇中之最重要者，生物法包括:生物濾床法、生物滴濾塔法、生物洗滌法，生物法適合處理中低濃度廢氣(<1000 mg C m-3)，其相對處理費用較其他方法為低，頗值推廣應用。
本研究結合多孔性板層塔及活性污泥池生物洗滌去除揮發性有機物質。
活性污泥池注入法處理含揮發性有機物(甲苯、二甲苯及二氯甲烷)之氣體，反應器為一3.0 m深、0.4 m × 0.4 m斷面積的活性污泥池，其散氣孔孔徑為2 mm。探討此三種VOCs在不同液位高度(Z)、曝氣強度(G/A)、清水中氧氣總質傳係數(KLaO2)、亨利常數(H)及進口濃度(C0)，以探討各參數對各VOC去除率的影響，並與文獻模式比較。結果顯示在G/A = 3.75 – 11.25 m3 m-2 hr-1 與 C0 = 1,000 – 6,000 mg m-3條件下，實驗值與模式計算值相符合。實驗中反應器之KLaO2 = 5 – 15 hr-1，當H = 0.24 – 0.25 與Z = 1 m 時，VOCs去除率可達85% ；當H = 0.13且Z =1 m時，去除率可達95％。
多孔性板層塔處理VOCs之試驗，目標污染物為工業常用之甲苯、二甲苯、異丙醇，多孔性板層塔主體為 0.25 m × 0.25 m × 1.62 m H 共6層，分別以每板層液高5公分或8公分進行試驗，附設一活性污泥曝氣槽(0.40 m × 0.40 m × 3.0 m H，總容積480公升)進行處理試驗。研究項目為：(1)微生物馴養，(2)液氣比(L/G)、進氣有機物濃度(C0)、板層數(N)及單一板層不同之液位高(Z)對目標污染物去除率之影響試驗，(3)目標污染物之去除機制及動力學模式。結果顯示：多孔性板層塔之板層數為6、VOC之H < 0.01、L/G H大於2時，VOC之去除效率大於90%；當VOC之H為0.2，需要16個以上之板層數，方可將VOC去除。

Bioprocesses for air pollution control can generally be categorized as bioscrubber, biofilter, and biotrickling filter systems. These processes have been proven to be economical and effective for control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with concentrations of <1,000 mg C m-3 in gas streams.
First, an activated sludge aeration tank (W x L x H = 40 x 40 x 300 cm) with a set of 2 mm orifice air spargers was utilized to treat gas-borne VOCs (toluene, p-xylene, and dichloromethane) in air streams. The effects of liquid depth (Z), aeration intensity (G/A), the overall mass transfer rate of oxygen in clean water (KLaO2), the Henry’s law constant of the tested VOC (H), and the influent gaseous VOC concentration (C0) on the efficiency of removal of VOCs were examined and compared with a literature-cited model. Results show that the measured VOC removal efficiencies and those predicted by the model were comparable at a G/A of 3.75 – 11.25 m3 m-2 hr-1 and C0 of around 1,000 – 6,000 mg m-3. Experimental data also indicate that the designed gas treatment reactor with KLaO2 = 5 – 15 hr-1, could achieve > 85% removal of VOCs with H = 0.24 – 0.25 at an aerated liquid depth of 1 m, and > 95% removal of dichloromethane with H = 0.13 at a 1 m liquid depth. The model predicts that, for gas treatment in common activated sludge tanks, with KLaO2 = 5 – 10 hr-1, depth = 3 – 4.5 m, G/A = 9 – 18 m3 m-2 hr-1, > 92% VOC removal can be achieved with operating parameters of Z of 3.0 m and KLaVOC/(G/A) of about 0.28 m-1, for VOCs with H < 0.3, such as most oxygen-containing hydrocarbons with low molecular weights, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and dichloromethane.
Second, an activated sludge aeration tank and a sieve-plate column with six sieve plates were utilized to treat gas-borne VOCs in air streams. The tank was used for the biodegradation of the absorbed VOCs from the column which utilized the activated mixed liquor drawn from the tank as a scrubbing liquor. This research proposed a model for VOC absorption to a down-flow activated sludge liquor in a sieve-plate column. The experimental setup consisted of a pilot-scale activated-sludge tank and a sieve-plate tower, as demonstrated. The sieve-plate tower was constructed from a 25 x 25 x 162 cm (W x L x H) acrylic column with six custom-made sieve plates. Each plate has 382 holes which are 3 mm in diameter arranged on a square pitch. The holes give an open area of 3.82% of the whole plate area for gas flow. Two 25 mm-i.d. down-comer pipes were also equipped to allow for the downflow of the activated sludge liquor. Ports were provided at the column inlet, outlet, and each plate for gas and liquid sampling. Experiments were conducted and the model verified based on the results of tests on the removal efficiencies of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), toluene and p-xylene in the system operated at a range of influent VOC concentrations, air application rates, and liquid/gas flow ratios (L/G). The model developed by a material balance for the gaseous- and liquid-VOC over each plate of the column was developed and experimentally verified in this study. Superficial gas velocity over the column plate (U), number of plates (N), volumetric liquid-phase VOC-transfer coefficient (KLaVOC), aerated liquid depth over the plate (Z), volumetric liquid/gas flow-rate ratio (L/G), dimensionless Henry’s law coefficient of the VOC to be absorbed (H), VOC content of the influent scrubbing liquor (xN+1), and the biodegradation rate constant of the VOC in the activated sludge mixed liquor (k) are among the affecting parameters to the effectiveness of the VOC removal. Model application by the model for effects of affecting parameters on the VOC removal effectiveness indicates that L/G, plate number N, biodegradation rate constant k, Henry’s law constant of VOC H are among the important ones. A L/GH of greater than 2 and N of around 6 are enough for the effective (>90%) removal of the influent VOCs with H < 0.01 if no biodegradation occurred in the column. However, a N of over 16 is required for the influent VOCs with H of around 0.2. Biodegradation with a rate constant of around 100 hr-1 in the column greatly improves the column performance.

謝誌 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract IV
List of Contents VII
List of Tables X
List of Figures XI
Nomenclature XIV
Chapter I Introduction 1
1.1 Initiation of the study 1
1.2 Objects of Research 2
1.3 Organization of Dissertation 2
Chapter II Literature Survey 4
2.1 Bioscrubbers 4
2.2 Activated sludge 8
Chapter III Bio-oxidation of Airborne Volatile Organic Compounds in an Activated Sludge Aeration Tank 14
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 Model Development 15
3.3 Materials and Methods 19
3.3.1 Experimental Setup 19
3.3.2 Materials 22
3.3.3 Operation 22
3.3.4 Analytical 28
3.4 Results and Discussion 28
3.4.1 Oxygen transfer coefficient,

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