本論文提出一系列使用耦合式饋入技術之多頻行動通訊天線設計。相較於傳統直接式饋入，耦合式饋入可以提供額外的等效電容量來補償天線原本偏高電感性之輸入阻抗。前兩項天線設計，使用耦合式饋入機制來降低天線低頻頻帶的虛部輸入阻抗，使其產生雙共振的效果進而使得天線低頻頻寬能涵蓋GSM850/900雙頻操作且高頻能夠滿足GSM1800/1900/UMTS三頻操作。最後兩項天線設計則是利用耦合式饋入機制來降低天線低頻頻帶的實部輸入阻抗，使得天線之八分之ㄧ波長共振模態能有效被激發。此外，本論文的相關手機天線設計也針對其特定吸收比率及助聽器相容進行分析。同時也對於使用者手部操作觸控式螢幕對於筆記型電腦天線之影響進行探討。

In this dissertation, a variety of multiband communication device antennas using the coupling-feed mechanism are presented. The coupling feed contributes additional capacitance to the antenna’s input impedance which shows a high inductive component for the traditional case of using a direct feed. In the first and second antenna designs, with the coupling feed, the high input inductance of the antenna is effectively compensated. This behavior leads to a dual-resonance excitation for the lower band of the antenna. Two wide operating bands are achieved, allowing the antenna’s lower and upper bands to easily cover GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. For the last two antenna designs, owing to the coupling feed, the very large input impedance seen at antenna’s lower band is greatly decreased and results in successful excitation of the one-eighth wavelength (λ/8) mode of the antenna. The specific absorption rate and hearing aid compatibility results for these mobile phone antennas are also analyzed. The effects of presence of the user’s hand on the laptop computer antenna performance are also studied in this dissertation.

文字目錄 i
圖形目錄 iii
表格目錄 viii

第一章 序論 (Introduction) 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 文獻導覽 3
1.3 論文提要 4

第二章 五頻耦合式饋入單極摺疊式手機天線 (Coupled-Fed Monopole Antenna for Penta-Band Folder-Type Mobile Phone Antenna) 6
2.1 天線設計與原理 6
2.2 實驗結果與特性分析 10
2.3 實用性分析 18
2.4 心得與討論 27

第三章 五頻耦合式饋入單極筆記型電腦天線 (Coupled-Fed Monopole Antenna for Penta-Band Laptop Computer Antenna) 28
3.1 天線設計與原理 29
3.2 實驗結果與分析 31
3.3 實用性分析 42
3.4 心得與討論 50

第四章 五頻耦合式饋入八分之ㄧ波長單極手機天線 (Coupled-Fed λ/8 Monopole Antenna for Penta-Band Mobile Phone Antenna) 51
4.1 天線設計與原理 51
4.2 實驗結果與特性分析 54
4.3 實用性分析 63
4.4 心得與討論 70

第五章 單平面印刷式五頻耦合式饋入八分之ㄧ波長單極手機天線 (Uniplanar Printed Coupled-Fed λ/8 Monopole Antenna for Penta-Band Mobile Phone Antenna) 72
5.1 天線設計與原理 72
5.2 實驗結果與特性分析 75
5.3 實用性分析 85
5.4 心得與討論 93

第六章 結論 (Conclusion) 95

參考文獻 (References) 98

個人著作表 (Publication List) 103

[1] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003.
[2] K. L. Wong, Y. C. Lin, and B. Chen, “Internal Patch Antenna With a Thin Air-Layer Substrate for GSM/DCS Operation in a PDA Phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 1165-1172, Apr. 2007.
[3] S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker (Eds.), LTE, The UMTS long term evolution: From theory to practice, Wiley, New York, 2009.
[4] C. H. Kuo, K. L. Wong, and F. S. Chang, “Internal GSM/DCS dual-band open-loop antenna for laptop application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 49, pp. 680-684, Mar. 2007.
[5] C. Y. Wang, C. H. Lee, and C. C. Mai, “Antenna for WWAN, and integrated antenna for WWAN, GPS, and WLAN,” U. S. Patent No. 2007 0096999 A1, May, 2007.
[6] K. L. Wong and L. C. Chou, “Internal cellular/WLAN combo antenna for laptop-computer applications,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 47, pp. 402-406, Nov., 2005.
[7] K. L. Wong and L. C. Lee, “Bandwidth enhancement of small-size internal WWAN laptop computer antenna using a resonant open slot embedded in the ground plane,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 52, pp. 1137-1142, May 2010.
[8] C. T. Lee and K. L. Wong, “Study of a uniplanar printed internal WWAN laptop computer antenna including user's hand effects, ” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 51, pp. 2341-2346, Oct. 2009.
[9] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz),” Health Phys., vol. 74, pp. 494-522, Apr. 1998.
[10] American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic field, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,” ANSI/IEEE standard C95.1, Apr. 1999.
[11] American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communication Devices and Hearing Aids,” C63.19-2007, Revision of ANSI C63.19-2006, Jun. 2007.
[12] J. Guterman, A. A. Moreira, C. Peixeiro, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Laptop opening angle effects on electromagnetic human interaction with an integrated E-shaped back-to-back antenna ,” Proc. 2008 IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., San Diego, California, USA, pp. 1-4, Jul. 2008.
[13] K. L. Wong and Y. C. Lin, “Thin internal planar antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS operation in a PDA phone ,” Microwave Opt. Technol. lett., vol. 47, pp. 423-426, Dec. 5, 2005.
[14] Y. X. Guo, I. Ang, and Y. W. Chia, “Compact internal multiband antennas for mobile handsets,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 143-146, 2003.
[15] Y. X. Guo, M. Y. W. Chia, and Z. N. Chen, “Miniature built-in multiband antennas for mobile handsets,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 1936-1944, Aug. 2004.
[16] R. A. Bhatti and S. O. Park, “Hepta-band internal antenna for personal communication handsets,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 3398-3403, Dec. 2007.
[17] X. Jing, Z. Du, and K. Gong, “A compact multiband planar antenna for mobile handsets,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 343-345, 2006.
[18] H. M. Hsiao and J. H. Lu, “A planar dual-meander-line antenna for multiband mobile handsets,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 883-888, May 2006.
[19] H. Park, M. I. Kang, and J. Choi, “Design of an internal antenna with wide and multiband characteristic for mobile handset,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 947-950, May 2006.
[20] J. Villanen, C. Icheln, and P. Vainikainen, “A coupling element-based quad-band antenna element structure for mobile terminals,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 49, pp. 1277-1282, Jun. 2007.
[21] M. Tzortzakakis and R. J. Langley, “Quad-band internal mobile phone antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 2097-2103, Jul. 2007.
[22] Y. W. Chi and K. L. Wong, “Very-small-size folded loop antenna with a band-stop matching circuit for WWAN operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 808-814, Mar. 2009.
[23] K. R. Boyle and P. G. Steeneken, “A Five-band reconfigurable PIFA for mobile phones,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 3300-3309, Nov. 2007.
[24] K. L. Wong, C. H. Wu, W. Y. Li, C. M. Su, S. H. Yeh, and C. L. Tang, “Simplified hand model for the study of hand-held device antenna,” in 2006 IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc Int Symp Dig, pp. 2101-2104.
[25] C. H. Li, E. Ofli, N. Chavannes, and N. Kuster, “Effects of hand phantom on mobile phone antenna performance,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 2763-2770, Sep. 2009.
[26] K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, “Bandwidth-enhanced internal PIFA with a coupling feed for quad-band operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 683-687, Mar. 2008.
[27] R. Borowiec and P. M. Slobodzian, “A miniaturized antenna for 2G/3G frequency-band application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 399-402, Feb. 2006.
[28] P. L. Teng, C. Y. Chiu, and K. L. Wong, “Internal planar monopole antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS folder-type mobile phones,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 106-108, Aug. 2003.
[29] M. Tzortzakakis and R. J. Langley, “Quad-band internal mobile phone antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 2097-2103, Jul. 2007.
[30] K. L. Wong and S. Y. Tu, “Ultra-wideband coupled-fed loop antenna for penta-band folder-type mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 2706-2712, Oct. 2008.
[31] K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, “Bandwidth-enhanced PIFA with a coupling feed for quad-band operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 683-687, Mar. 2008.
[32] K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, “Compact multiband PIFA with a coupling feed for internal mobile phone antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 2487-2491, Oct. 2008.
[33] R. Borowiec and P. M. Slobodzian, “A miniaturized antenna for 2G/3G frequency-band application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 399-402, Feb. 2006.
[34] Ansoft Corporation HFSS, http://www.ansoft.com/products/hf/hfss.
[35] http://www.semcad.com, SEMCAD, Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG).
[36] S. J. Liao, K. L. Wong, and L. C. Chou, “Small-size uniplanar coupled-fed PIFA for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN operation in the laptop computer,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1023-1028, Apr. 2009.
[37] G. H. Huff, J. Feng, S. Zhang, G. Cung, and J. T. Bernhard, “Directional reconfigurable antennas on laptop computers: simulation, measurement and evaluation of candidate integration positions,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 3220-3227, Dec. 2004.
[38] L. C. Chou and K. L. Wong, “Uni-planar dual-band monopole antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation in the laptop computer,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 3739-3741, Dec. 2007.
[39] C. T. Lee and K. L. Wong, “Uniplanar printed coupled-fed PIFA with a band-notching slit for WLAN/WiMAX operation in the laptop computer,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 1252-1258, Apr. 2009.
[40] M. Tzortzakakis and R. J. Langley, “Quad-band internal mobile phone antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, pp. 2097-2103, Jul. 2007.
[41] J. K. Ji, G. H. Kim, and W. M. Seong, “Compact quad-band antenna based on zeroth-order resonator for mobile handset applications,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 1298-1301, Jun. 2010.
[42] G. Park, S. Hwang, S. Park, J. Byun and A. S. Kim, “The compact quad-band PCB embedded antenna for mobile handset applications,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1332-1336, May 2009.
[43] C. Yoon, W. K. Park, S. Y. Kang, and H. D. Park, “A spiral-shaped monopole antenna for quad-band operation of mobile handsets,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 2860-2863, Nov. 2008.
[44] M. R. Hsu and K. L. Wong, “Seven-band folded-loop chip antenna for WWAN/WLAN/WiMAX operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 543-549, Feb. 2009.
[45] M. R. Hsu and K. L. Wong, “WWAN ceramic chip antenna for mobile phone application,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 103-110, Jan. 2009.