現在行動網路發達，在雲端科技的運用發展也有著蓬勃的發展，而在這個發展趨勢之下，也代表著資料中心的等級也必須同提升。雲端科技使人們能隨時隨地進行資料存取以及資料的運算，為了讓大量的使用者能在同一時刻進行線上存取運算，資料中心的傳輸速度，運算規模也得同時提升，然而這可能面臨到設備功率消耗量提升的問題，為了降低整體系統設備所需要的功率損耗，較常使用的系統為主動式光纖傳輸系統，此系統中最主要使用的光源為垂直共振腔面射型雷射以及多模光纖傳輸，垂直共振腔面射型雷射可以擁有較低的功率消耗，而使用光纜傳輸也可擁有光纖系統的輕便性。
在本篇論文當中會以不同的訊號調變方式做比較，我們會在短距離主動式光纖網路傳輸系統為架構，以垂直共振腔面射型雷射為光源進行調變訊號傳輸經多模光纖，訊號調變方式以不歸零編碼調變、四階脈衝振幅調變以及雙二進制調變為研究主題，透過理論以及實驗實際傳輸後的結果，比較彼此間傳輸效率的優劣及各自在調變技術上優缺點，進而了解三者在未來幾年發展之可能性。

With the highly development of nowadays mobile internet, cloud computing technologies and services have been evolving accordingly, indicating the necessity of constantly upgrading data centers. Cloud computing allows users to access and compute data at anytime and anywhere. To offer massive users such cloud services online, the speed of interconnection inside data centers is extremely critical, in addition to the computing capabilities. Besides, power consumption has been another key problem of developing data centers. Active optical cable (AOC) system is one of future-proof solutions for above-mentioned issues. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) has been considered as the main light source in AOCs due to its low power consumption and cost.
In the thesis, we will compare several modulation formats in a Short-Reach (SR) system using VCSEL and multimode fibers. In particular, using Non-return zero (NRZ), Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4 (PAM-4) and Duobinary modulation in VCSEL-based OM4 fiber transmission, this work compares their transmission performance and evaluates their possible development in the future.

學位論文審定書 i
致 謝 ii
摘 要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 v
圖列表 vii
表列表 x
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-2-1 短距離傳輸系統 (Short reach, SR) 2
1-2-2 主動式光纖纜線系統 (Active optical cable, AOC) 4
1-2-3 IEEE 400G乙太網路通訊協定 5
第二章 多模態系統傳輸技術 8
2-1 多模態光纖傳輸系統 8
2-1-1 多模光纖色散 (Multimode Fiber Dispersion) 8
2-1-2 碼際間干擾 (Inter-Symbol Interference, ISI) 9
2-1-3 多模態光纖種類 10
第三章 數位訊號調變技術 11
3-1 脈衝振幅調變 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation, PAM) 11
3-1-1 脈衝振幅調變 11
3-1-2 四階脈衝振幅調變系統調變 12
3-3 雙二進制調變技術 (Duobinary Modulation) 13
3-3-1 雙二進制調變簡介 13
3-3-2 雙二進制調變系統調變 13
3-4 四階脈衝振幅調變與雙二進制調變比較 15
3-4-1 訊號調變功率效能比較 15
3-4-2 訊號調變頻寬差異 16
3-5 估計通道響應 17
3-5-1 訊號經通道響應後影響與補償 17
第四章 模擬結果 18
前言 18
4-1 多模光纖傳輸模擬架構與模擬結果 18
第五章 實驗架構與實驗結果 27
前言 27
5-1 實驗架構 27
5-2 實驗結果 31
第六章 結論 46
6-1 總結與討論 46
參考文獻 47

[1] Wikipedia, “Cloud computing”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
[2] Amelia Liu, “Direct Attach Copper Cable VS Active Optical Cable (AOC)”, August 15, 2015
[3] Mattin Grao Txapartegi, Yole,“Silicon photonics, Wide Band Gap, Non Volatile Memories … numerous technologies under development to reduce datacenters’ energy consumption”, October 10, 2015
[4] 湯津寬/蘇怡安，主動式光纖纜線添翼USB 3.0傳輸距離大躍進，2013/3
[5] IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/
[6] Timothy Prickett Morgan,“Construction zones on the ethernet roadmap”, March 24, 2016
[7] Wong & Lok, “Theory of Digital Communications - Chapter 4 Inter-Symbol Interference and Equalization”
[8] Mouloud Rahmani,“Digital modulation- Inter-Symbol Interference”
[9] Hari Shankar, Inphi Corporation,“Duobinary Modulation For Optical Systems”
[10] Jri Lee, Ming-Shuan Chen, Huai-De Wang, “Design and Comparison of three 20Gb/s”Backplane Transceivers for Duobinary, PAM4, and NRZ Data”
[11] Vincent Huotsma, Dora van Veen, Bell Labs Ed Harstead, member Fixed Networks CTO,“PAM-4 vs. Duobinary Modulation @25 Gb/s”, December 2014
[12] C. Kiayun, C.Gang, H. Qunfeng, and X. Zhengyuan, “Indoor optical wireless communication by ultraviolet and visible light,”Proceeding of the SPIE- The International Society for Optical Engineer,vol. 7464, pp. 74640D (9 pp.)-74640D, 2009
[13] Sriharsha Kota Pavan, Graduate Student Member, IEEE, Patrick J. Decker, Member, IEEE, Yi Sun, Member, IEEE, Robert Lingle Jr., Member, IEEE, and Stephen E. Ralph, Senior Member, IEEE, “Estimation of 25-Gbit/s VCSEL-MMF Link Penalties at 850 nm: Temperature Dependence”, JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 33, NO. 1, JANUARY 1, 2015