在第五代行動通訊中 (5G)，其中一項發展重點就是推動物聯網的普及。物聯網 (Internet of Things)，其顧名思義就是透過網路的概念來達到物物相連的目的。有人將網際網路比喻成一朵雲，在這朵雲上能輕鬆地存取生活中連上網路的電器用品，所以當物聯網運用在家庭電器之中，就有智慧家庭 (Smart home) 的概念產生。
本論文從智慧家庭的概念著手，想像使用者透過網路可以無時無刻地遠端遙控家用電器，因此首要條件是必須在電器上佈建一組感測器，用以監控、計量、訊息交換等功能。做為智慧家電的感測器，需要大量佈建在家中，因此希望能符合以下特點：無線傳輸、節能、安全、使用便利，將會使得智慧生活更加理想。
本論文挑選6LoWPAN感測器來做為探討對象，6LoWPAN底層為IEEE 802.15.4協定，上層為IPv6的網際網路協定，融合類似ZigBee在無線區網的優點，加上能讓晶片節點上網的優勢，非常適合運用在智慧家電當中。因此本論文針對6LoWPAN的技術深入淺出，分部介紹6LoWPAN所使用的相關技術，包括：IEEE 802.15.4協定的探討、6LoWPAN調節層的分析，以及未來所使用的到IPv6的介紹等。為了實現6LoWPAN系統，本論文選用德州儀器公司研發的CC2538單晶片MCU；搭配開源式的作業系統Contiki，來提供6LoWPAN的網路通訊協定；運用MQTT應用協定來進一步實現訊息傳遞的功能；並且開發一支實現MQTT通訊的APP同時結合Server與Client的角色增加其應用性。綜合以上的技術提出智慧家庭的模擬使用者情境，以C/S架構來涵蓋整個訊息系統，提出四種有效的連線方式，供未來物聯網在連線選擇上有所參考。

With the incoming of 5th generation communication, there are three types of technology under constructing: mobile networking, femtocell and the Internet of things (IoT). Speaking of the concept of IoT, most People have the smart home at the first thought. The most important character behind smart home are the wireless sensing networks.
Let us imagine that, in the future, all of the Home appliances are set up with several wireless sensor chips, and the chips are forming a networking. They can communicate to each other. It will be so convenient that we can easily do remote control, accessing to these appliances to do, for example, switching on/off, data loading, making procedure, and so on.
This thesis mainly focuses on how these wireless sensor chips being reached via Internet. We choose 6LoWPAN as our hardware research platform. 6LoWPAN is a wireless communicating method, which combines IPv6 and IEEE 802.15.4 protocols. In the 100 meters distance, it use IEEE 802.15.4 protocol to communicate forming a so called 6LoWPAN Networking, but it also has the ability to link to the Internet. So we discuss about the theory behind the two protocols, explaining how they can fit each other even if their packet size are mismatched.
We demonstrate a 6LoWPAN system, starting from introducing the tools, platform, hardware and software we used. Then we present the results of network connecting, including a smart phone APP. Finally, we propose four kinds of user cases to explain how to use the system in different situations.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
圖 次 vi
表 次 x
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 動機與目的 1
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 6LoWPAN及相關理論介紹 3
2.1 無線個人網路 3
2.1.1 概論 3
2.1.2 物聯網之頻譜選用分析 4
2.1.3 通訊協定概論 5
2.2 IEEE 802.15.4與ZigBee 8
2.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4發展介紹 8
2.2.2 IEEE 802.15.4與ZigBee 9
2.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4實體層 10
2.2.4 IEEE 802.15.4媒體存取控制層 11
2.3 IPv6 15
2.3.1 IPv6概論 15
2.3.2 IPv6位址表示法分類 15
2.3.3 IPv6網路的協定堆疊 18
2.3.4 IPv6網路的檔頭與位址數目 20
2.3.5 IPv6位址配發技術 20
2.3.6 IPv6設備與現況 22
2.4 6LoWPAN 24
2.4.1 6LoWPAN網路概述 24
2.4.2 6LoWPAN的調節層 25
2.4.3 封包的分割與重組 26
2.4.4 檔頭壓縮 27
2.5 章節討論 30
第三章 系統架構 31
3.1 6LoWPAN系統架構 31
3.2 硬體開發環境 33
3.2.1 CC2538 MCU 33
3.2.2 Debugger 35
3.2.3 USB Serial Module 36
3.2.4 乙太網路與網路模組 37
3.3 6LoWPAN開發環境 38
3.3.1 Contiki概論 38
3.3.2 開發環境Instant Contiki 39
3.3.3 Contiki網路協定堆疊 40
3.3.4 Contiki程式編譯與燒錄 41
3.4 MQTT系統搭建 43
3.4.1 MQTT簡介 43
3.4.2 MQTT訊息架構 44
3.4.3 系統搭建流程 45
3.4.4 架設於電腦之中的MQTT Broker 45
3.4.5 架設於電腦之中的MQTT Client 46
3.4.6 6LoWPAN邊界路由 47
3.4.7 6LoWPAN節點 50
3.4.8 訊息傳送測試與結果 51
3.5 章節討論 54
第四章 IoT之連線、訊息架構與實例 55
4.1 物聯網應用的使用情境 55
4.2 C/S架構-A basic Architecture to Implement IoT User Cases Using MQTT 58
4.3 MQTT Android App 60
4.4 MQTT用戶個案實現例子 63
4.5 章節討論 69
第五章 結論與未來工作 70
5.1 結論 70
5.2 未來工作 71
參考文獻 73

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