本論文提出保護及驗證數位影像的方法。在脆弱式影像驗證(fragile image authentication)方面，第二章所提出的方法可以抵抗偽造攻擊，並配合數學分析以證明其可行性。在半脆弱式影像驗證(semi-fragile image authentication)方面，我們分別以數位簽章為基礎(digital signature-based)與以數位浮水印為基礎(digital watermark-based)，在第三章及第四章各提出解決方法，並改善傳統方法的缺點。所提出的半脆弱式數位影像驗證演算法主要貢獻有：(1) 藉由明確給定可通過驗證演算法的JPEG影像品質底限，來調整驗證演算法的脆弱程度(fragile degree)，以及(2) 提供明確的分析來證明驗證演算法的可行性。最後，在第五章中，對於半脆弱式數位影像驗證的應用及定義提出了一個新的方向與解決方法。我們所提出的方法對於傳統半脆弱式數位影像驗證領域上有新的進展，主要貢獻有 (1) 只需要計算空間域(spatial domain)中的像點值即可產生與驗證影像特徵，不需要進行頻率域轉換，(2) 可以同時驗證更多合理的非惡意攻擊影像，例如JPEG與JPEG2000壓縮影像，以及縮小(scaling)影像，以及(3) 對於非惡意攻擊(non-malicious manipulation)一詞作出更明確的定義，使得所提出的方法在影像驗證領域上更能符合網路傳輸與資料儲存時的需求。

In this dissertation, the methods of protection and authentication for digital images are presented. In the study of fragile image authentication, the method that can thwart the counterfeit attack is proposed in Chapter 2, and we analyze this method in order to prove the effect. In the study of semi-fragile image authentication, two image authentication methods with digital signature-based and digital watermark-based are presented in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 respectively. These two methods can improve the disadvantages of related works, and the main contributions are: (1) can adjust the fragile degree by assigning the least authenticable bound of image and (2) the related theorems about the proposed methods are analyzed completely. Finally, a new issue and solution about semi-fragile image authentication are presented in Chapter 5. The main contributions of this method are: (1) only the spatial domain is adopted during feature generation and verification, making domain transformation process is unnecessary, (2) more reasonable non-malicious manipulated images (JPEG, JPEG2000 compressed and scaled images) than related studies can be authenticated, achieving a good trade-off of image authentication between fragile and robust under practical image processing, and (3) non-malicious manipulation is clearly defined to meet closely the requirements of sending them over the Internet or storing images.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 Organization of the Dissertation
Chapter 2 Applying Vector Projection to Fragile Image Authentication
2.1 Digital Watermark-Based Fragile Image Authentication Method
2.1.1 Visual Quality of Watermarked Image
2.2 Analysis of the VPS Image Authentication Method
2.3 Experimental Results
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Applying Statistics Ogive to Semi-Fragile Authentication of JPEG Images
3.1 The Image Feature Code Generation
3.2 Image Authentication
3.3 Analysis and Discussion
3.4 Experimental Results
3.5 Summary
Chapter 4 Semi-Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Authentication of JPEG Images
4.1 The Proposed Authentication Method
4.1.1 Image Feature Generation and Embedding
4.1.2 Image Authentication
4.2 Analysis and Discussion
4.2.1 Validity of Image Feature Generation Method
4.2.2 Validity of Image Feature Embedding Method
4.3 Experimental Results
4.4 Summary
Chapter 5 Image Authentication Scheme for Resisting JPEG, JPEG2000 Compression and Scaling
5.1 The Proposed Semi-Fragile Image Authentication Method
5.1.1 Image Feature Measurement and Cryptographic Ciphertext Generation Methods
5.1.2 Image Authentication
5.2 Experimental Results
5.3 Analysis and Discussion
5.3.1 Robustness of the Proposed Image Authentication Method
5.3.2 Security
5.3.3 Distinguishing Non-malicious Manipulations from Malicious Attacks
5.4 Summary
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Works
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