將鈍齒短槳蟹(Thalamita crenata)在實驗室環境下飼養，探討溫度鹽度對其存活率及型態之影響。蚤狀幼蟲飼育在45 組溫鹽因子組合(5 組溫度：20、25、30、33 35℃；9 組鹽度：18、20、22、25、30、35、38、40 及42 psu )，使用餌料為每天孵出之豐年蝦無節幼蟲。結果顯示溫度鹽度對蚤狀幼蟲存活率有顯著交互作用。在溫度20 及35℃下，蚤狀幼蟲無法存活至大眼幼蟲階段；在25~33℃時，蚤狀幼蟲至大眼幼蟲階段之存活率有顯著差異(P < 0.05)。蚤狀幼蟲在溫度25~30℃及鹽度30~35 psu 環境下有高存活率(64%以上)，其餘鹽度(20、22、25 及38 psu)下存活率開始降低，在30℃環境下，鹽度18 psu 有蚤狀幼蟲存活至大眼幼蟲階段。
溫度、鹽度及其交互作用同樣也會影響蚤狀幼蟲之發育，溫度25℃下，蚤狀幼蟲在鹽度30 及35 psu 發育至大眼幼蟲之天數最短為第18 天，鹽度改變至38 及20 psu 時，天數則延長為20 及21 天。溫度30℃時，蚤狀幼蟲在鹽度30psu發育至大眼幼蟲之天數最短為第11 天，鹽度18 psu 時則為23 天；溫度33℃鹽度25 psu 下蚤狀幼蟲發育至大眼幼蟲之天數為16 至22 天。
型態部分，鈍齒短槳蟹有五期蚤狀幼蟲。有4 隻個體的第五期蚤狀幼蟲在第一觸角、第一小顎和第二小顎有型態上之差異：第一觸角外肢上方有增加一排剛毛，剛毛數5；第一小顎在基節葉上有14 根剛毛，座節葉上有8 根剛毛；第二小顎在座節葉上有8 根剛毛，顎舟葉上有27 根羽狀剛毛。除五期基本型態之外，在生存極端水溫搭配較低鹽環境還會出現額外一期蚤狀幼蟲，額外一期蚤狀幼蟲
型態特徵為頭胸甲呈長型，無&#20391;棘，螯足及步足較第五期蚤狀幼蟲更為延長，腹足已有剛毛發育。

The combination of two factors, temperature and salinity might affect zoeal survival and morphological pattern of Thalamita crenata. In order to know the effect, newly hatched zoeae were reared under 45 combinations of temperature and salinity (i.e. combinations of five temperatures variables: 20, 25, 30, 33, 35℃ and nine salinity variables: 18,20,22,25,30,35,38,40,42 psu ). The zoeae were fed with newly hatched Artemia nauplii. The results showed that temperature and salinity as well as the
interaction of the two parameters significantly affected the survival rate of zoeae. The effect of temperature at 20℃ and 35℃ resulted in no zoeal survival from zoea to megalopa stage. Under the temperature range of 25~33℃, There is significant difference between the survival rates of zoeae (p < 0.05). High survival rate (above 64%) occurred at temperature range of 25~30℃ and salinity range of 30~35 psu. Survival rate decreased at salinity range of 20,22,25,38 psu. Under 30℃ and 18 psu condition, zoeae could develop into megalopa stage.
Temperature, salinity and their interaction also significantly affected zoeal development. At 25℃, the shortest zoeal developmental time to reach megalopa was 18 days under salinity 30 and 35 psu conditions and the developmental time extended to 20 and 21 days under salinity 38 and 20 psu conditions. At 30℃, the shortest zoeal developmental time to reach megalopa was 11 days under salinity 30 psu conditions and the developmental time extended to 23 days under salinity 18 psu conditions. Under 33℃ and 25 psu condition, the zoeal developmental time to reach megalopa ranged from 16 to 22 days.
The larval development of Thalamita crenata has five zoeal stages. Four tested zoeae had morphological differences in antennules, maxillule and maxilla in fifth stage which are shown as follow. There are 5 additional setae on the top of antennule exopod . The endite of maxillule coxal has 14 plumose setae; The basal endite has 8 plumose setae. The maxilla basal endite has 8 plumose setae. The scaphognathite has
27 plumose setae. In addition to basic five zoeal stages, an additional zoeal stages was observed from the tested crab. There were evidences suggested that the appearance of the additional zoeae was associated with limited temperature condition for life and lower salinity. Based on exuviae and larval specimens, the major morphological characteristics of the additional zoeal larvae were as follow: oblong carapace, lateral spine disappeared; prolonged cheliped and pereiopods compared to Z5 stage; with
setae on pleopods.

論文審定書
誌謝
目錄..................................................i
表目錄…....………………..………ii
圖目錄…..………………..………. iii
附圖目錄…...…………..………… iv
中文摘要……………….………… v
英文摘要 .……………..………. ... vi
前言…………………….………… 1
材料與方法…..………. .………… 5
結果…………………….………… 8
討論…………. ……….………… 18
參考文獻……………...………… 24

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