本研究為瞭解沿岸鹹水的人工濕地菌相四季的變化和差異，透過定序了解其中菌種並找出其與環境變化之關係。採樣地點位於屏東縣大鵬灣的紅樹林濕地和大潭濕地的西進水口、淺水池和深水池。分別採集秋、冬、春和夏的水及土壤。微生物的基因經萃取、純化後，進行聚合酶鍊鎖反應（PCR）、（Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis，DGGE），再藉由Quantity One的UPGMA方法，分析菌相相似度。將冬季樣品中不同菌種之基因分離後進行基因定序，再與NCBI上的資料庫做比對。水樣的水質檢測項目包含：pH、溶氧、BOD、硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、氨氮及硫酸鹽；空氣的檢測項目包含氧化亞氮及甲烷。結果顯示四季菌相的變化可做為水質穩定的參考指標之一。各紅樹林濕地菌相優勢族群的豐富度較大潭濕地為高，而紅樹林濕地對於水體中汙染物之處理效果亦顯示較好。冬季的水樣中，紅樹林濕地的菌種有：Roseobactor sp.、Maribacter sp.、Desulfocapsa sp.、Desulfatibacillum sp.及Sulfitobacter sp.；而於紅樹林濕地土壤中優勢族群則包含：Roseobacter sp.、Loktanella sp.、Sulfitobacter sp.及Alkalimonas collagenimarina 。大潭濕地西進水的優勢菌種皆為未鑑定出之菌種。大潭濕地淺水池的優勢菌種則包含：Roseobacter sp.、Sulfitobacter sp.、Roseivivax lentus 、Cyanobium sp.及Synechococcus sp.；大潭濕地淺水池土壤中優勢族群則包含：Thioalkalivibrio sp.及Marinobacter sp.。大潭濕地深水池水中的優勢族群包含： Vibrio sp.等；大潭濕地深水池土壤中優勢族群則包含有：Marinomonas sp.與Photobacterium sp.。由大潭濕地各處理單元內鑑定之菌種推論水質狀況，皆可透過水中溶氧和水質檢測項目驗證之。由於在大潭濕地淺水池之沉積土樣中鑑定到Marinobacter sp.，因此推估於該地區內之濕地沉積土讓內有可能含錳及砷，但仍需透過化學分析驗證之。

The aim of this study is to exam the seasonal variation of bacterial communities among the coastal salt wetlands. The variations and relations between bacterial communities and water quality were evaluated by identifying bacteria species and the level of chemicals in the water. The water and soil samples were collected at the mangrove forest wetland, and the west inlet, the shallow, the deep area in Datan wetland in Pintung. The bacterial genes in the water and the soil were extracted and purified before they were amplified by polymerase chain reactions. The genes were sepreated by denatureing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the smililaritied on the images of DGGE were analyzed by program UPGMA which is in the software, Quantity One.The sequenced sepecies were analyzed with BLAST on NCBI website to find the identified species. The items of water quality included pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, nitite, nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate. The results of similarities of bacterial communities indicated that the bacterial communities in spring and winter were similar in most of the components of wetlands, except the deep area in Datan wetland. During the winter, the bacterial diversity in mangrove forest wetland was higher than the one in Datan wetland, which means that the mangrove forest weland had better capability of degrading pollutants. Durinig winter, the dominant bacterium included Roseobactor sp., Maribacter sp., Desulfocapsa sp., Desulfatibacillum sp., and Sulfitobacter sp. in water; the ones included Roseobacter sp., Loktanella sp., Sulfitobacter sp., and Alkalimonas collagenimarina in soil in forest wetland. The dominat bacterium were unidentified species in both soil and water in west inlet in Datan. The dominat bacterium were consisted of Roseobacter sp., Sulfitobacter sp. , Roseivivax lentus , Cyanobium sp., and Synechococcus sp. in water; Thioalkalivibrio sp. and Marinobacter sp. in soil in the shallow water area in Datan weland. The dominat baterium contained Vibrio sp.. in the water; Thioalkalivibrio sp. and Marinobacter sp in the soil in the deep water area in Datan wetland. The identified bacterila species are helpful to infer the results of water quility, and the results of water quility can verify the most of the inferences. Marinobacter sp., species which is capable of oxidizing As(III) and Mn(II), existed in the soil in the west inlet area and the shallow water area in Dantan wetland, speculating that the soil might contain As(III) and Mn(II).

論文審定書........................................................................i
誌謝........................................................................ ii
中文摘要........................................................................ iii
Abstract........................................................................ iv
第一章 前言........................................................................1
1.1 研究動機........................................................................1
1.2 研究目的........................................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧........................................................................3
2.1 濕地之定義........................................................................3
2.2 人工濕地........................................................................4
2.3 人工濕地氮去除機制........................................................................5
2.3.1氨化作用（Ammonification）........................................................................6
2.3.2硝化作用（Nitrification）........................................................................6
2.3.3脫硝作用（Denitrification）........................................................................7
2.3.4厭氧氨氧化作用（Anammox）........................................................................9
2.3.5植物吸收（Plant uptake）........................................................................9
2.3 人工濕地去硫機制........................................................................9
2.4 微生物定義........................................................................10
2.5分子生物學監測技術........................................................................11
2.5.1 16s rDNA........................................................................11
2.5.2 PCR-DGGE........................................................................12
第三章 研究方法........................................................................14
3.1 研究場址及採樣時間........................................................................14
3.1.1大潭濕地生態公園........................................................................14
3.1.2紅樹林復育濕地公園........................................................................16
3.1.3採樣時間........................................................................16
3.2 樣品採及、保存與分析方法........................................................................18
3.2.1土壤........................................................................18
3.2.2 水........................................................................18
3.2.3 空氣........................................................................20
3.3 微生物的genomic DNA萃取、純化........................................................................21
3.4 PCR-DGGE 分析菌相........................................................................23
3.4.1 聚合酶連鎖反應（PCR）........................................................................23
3.4.2 變性梯度膠體電泳（DGGE）........................................................................24
3.4.3 DNA膠體圖譜分析........................................................................26
3.5 菌種鑑定與分析........................................................................27
3.5.1 聚合酶鏈鎖反應（PCR）........................................................................28
3.5.2 PCR產物回收........................................................................28
3.5.3 Ligation........................................................................28
3.5.4 Transformation........................................................................29
3.5.5 藍白菌落篩選........................................................................29
3.5.6 定序比對分析........................................................................30
第四章 結果與討論........................................................................31
4.1 水質檢測結果........................................................................31
4.1.1 四季各地點水質項目結果........................................................................31
4.1.2 冬季水質檢測結果........................................................................37
4.2 氣體檢測結果........................................................................40
4.2.1 各季節各地點水表之氧化亞氮濃度........................................................................40
4.2.2 冬季各地點水表之氧化亞氮濃度........................................................................41
4.2.3 冬季各地點水表之甲烷濃度........................................................................42
4.3 菌相結果........................................................................43
4.3.1四季的各地點菌相比較........................................................................43
4.3.2 各地點的四季菌相變化........................................................................49
4.3.3 冬季樣品DGGE分析結果........................................................................55
4.4 優勢族群與環境因子........................................................................63
4.4.1紅樹林濕地........................................................................63
4.4.2大潭濕地........................................................................63
第五章 結論........................................................................67
研究結果........................................................................67
研究限制、建議........................................................................68
參考文獻........................................................................69
附錄........................................................................84

網址:
http://www.cpami.gov.tw/chinese/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
16504&Itemid=57
Microsynth
http://www.microsynth.ch/index.php?TPL=10605
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所- 檢測方法查詢
http://www.niea.gov.tw/analysis/epa_www.htm
大鵬灣國家風景區
http://www.dbnsa.gov.tw/user/main.aspx?Lang=1
Adrados, B., Sanchez, O., Arias, C.A., Becares, E., Garrido, L., Mas, J., Brix, H.,
Morato, J., 2014. Microbial communities from different types of natural
wastewater treatment systems: Vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands
and biofilters. Water Research 55, 304-312.
Aellen, S., Que, Y.-A., Guignard, B., Haenni, M., Moreillon, P., 2006. Detection of
live and antibiotic-killed bacteria by quantitative real-time PCR of specific
fragments of rRNA. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 50, 1913-1920.
Aguilar, J.R.P., Cabriales, J.J.P., Vega, M.M., 2008. Identification and characterization
of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in an artificial wetland that treats wastewater from a
tannery. International journal of phytoremediation 10, 359-370.
Allen, A.E., Dupont, C.L., Oborník, M., Horák, A., Nunes-Nesi, A., McCrow, J.P.,
Zheng, H., Johnson, D.A., Hu, H., Fernie, A.R., 2011. Evolution and metabolic
significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms. Nature 473, 203-207.
Arroyo, P., de Miera, L.E.S., Ansola, G., 2015. Influence of environmental variables
on the structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in natural and
constructed wetlands. Science of the Total Environment 506, 380-390.
Arulazhagan, P., Vasudevan, N., 2011. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons by a halotolerant bacterial strain Ochrobactrum sp. VA1. Marine
Pollution Bulletin 62, 388-394.
Arunasri, K., Sasikala, C., Ramana, C.V., Süling, J., Imhoff, J.F., 2005.
Marichromatium indicum sp. nov., a novel purple sulfur gammaproteobacterium
from mangrove soil of Goa, India. International journal of systematic and
evolutionary microbiology 55, 673-679.

71
Badger, M.R., Andrews, T.J., 1982. Photosynthesis and inorganic carbon usage by the
marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Plant physiology 70, 517-523.
Bazylinski, D.A., Williams, T.J., Lefèvre, C.T., Berg, R.J., Zhang, C.L., Bowser, S.S.,
Dean, A.J., Beveridge, T.J., 2013. Magnetococcus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a
marine, magnetotactic bacterium that represents a novel lineage
(Magnetococcaceae fam. nov., Magnetococcales ord. nov.) at the base of the
Alphaproteobacteria. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 63, 801-808.
Ben-Haim, Y., Rosenberg, E., 2002. A novel Vibrio sp. pathogen of the coral
Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Biology 141, 47-55.
Beukes, C.W., Stępkowski, T., Venter, S.N., Cłapa, T., Phalane, F.L., le Roux, M.M.,
Steenkamp, E.T., 2016. Crotalarieae and Genisteae of the South African Great
Escarpment are nodulated by novel Bradyrhizobium species with unique and
diverse symbiotic loci. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 100, 206-218.
Billerbeck, S., Orchard, J., Tindall, B.J., Giebel, H.-A., Brinkhoff, T., Simon, M.,
2015. Description of Octadecabacter temperatus sp. nov., isolated from the
southern North Sea, emended descriptions of the genus Octadecabacter and its
species and reclassification of Octadecabacter jejudonensisPark and Yoon 2014
as Pseudooctadecabacter jejudonensis gen. nov., comb. nov. International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 65, 1967-1974.
Bognar, A., Desrosiers, L., Libman, M., Newman, E., 1982. Control of nitrogenase in
a photosynthetic autotrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira sp. Journal of
bacteriology 152, 706-713.
Bowman, J.P., 2007. Bioactive compound synthetic capacity and ecological
significance of marine bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas. Marine Drugs 5,
220-241.
Bryantseva, I., Gorlenko, V.M., Kompantseva, E.I., Imhoff, J.F., Süling, J., 1999.
Thiorhodospira sibirica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic purple sulfur
bacterium from a Siberian soda lake. International Journal of Systematic and
Evolutionary Microbiology 49, 697-703.
Calheiros, C.S., Duque, A.F., Moura, A., Henriques, I.S., Correia, A., Rangel, A.O.,
Castro, P.M., 2009. Substrate effect on bacterial communities from constructed
wetlands planted with Typha latifolia treating industrial wastewater. Ecological
engineering 35, 744-753.
Campbell, M.A., Chain, P.S., Dang, H., El Sheikh, A.F., Norton, J.M., Ward, N.L.,
Ward, B.B., Klotz, M.G., 2011. Nitrosococcus watsonii sp. nov., a new species
of marine obligate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria that is not omnipresent in the
world's oceans: calls to validate the names ‘Nitrosococcus halophilus’ and

72

‘Nitrosomonas mobilis’. FEMS microbiology ecology 76, 39-48.
Castaldini, M., Turrini, A., Sbrana, C., Benedetti, A., Marchionni, M., Mocali, S.,
Fabiani, A., Landi, S., Santomassimo, F., Pietrangeli, B., 2005. Impact of Bt
corn on rhizospheric and soil eubacterial communities and on beneficial
mycorrhizal symbiosis in experimental microcosms. Applied and environmental
microbiology 71, 6719-6729.
Chakravorty, S., Helb, D., Burday, M., Connell, N., Alland, D., 2007. A detailed
analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene segments for the diagnosis of pathogenic
bacteria. Journal of microbiological methods 69, 330-339.
Chang, C.-C., Kasten, R.W., Chomel, B.B., Simpson, D.C., Hew, C.M., Kordick,
D.L., Heller, R., Piemont, Y., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 2000. Coyotes (Canis latrans)
as the Reservoir for a Human Pathogenic Bartonella sp.: Molecular
Epidemiology ofBartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii Infection in Coyotes from
Central Coastal California. Journal of clinical microbiology 38, 4193-4200.

Child, J., 1975. Nitrogen fixation by a Rhizobium sp. in association with non-
leguminous plant cell cultures. Nature 253, 350-351.

Cho, K.-S., Zhang, L., Hirai, M., Shoda, M., 1991. Removal characteristics of
hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol by Thiobacillus sp. isolated from peat in
biological deodorization. Journal of fermentation and bioengineering 71, 44-49.
Cho, K.H., Hong, S.G., Cho, H.H., Lee, Y.K., Chun, J., Lee, H.K., 2008. Maribacter
arcticus sp. nov., isolated from Arctic marine sediment. International journal of
systematic and evolutionary microbiology 58, 1300-1303.
Choi, D.H., Hwang, C.Y., Cho, B.C., 2009. Pelagibius litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a
marine bacterium in the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from coastal
seawater. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 59,
818-823.
Choi, H.S., Kim, J.K., Cho, E.H., Kim, Y.C., Kim, J.I., Kim, S.W., 2003. A novel
flavin-containing monooxygenase from Methylophaga sp. strain SK1 and its
indigo synthesis in Escherichia coli. Biochemical and biophysical research
communications 306, 930-936.
Coates, J.D., Ellis, D.J., Gaw, C.V., Lovley, D.R., 1999. Geothrix fermentans gen.

nov., sp. nov., a novel Fe (III)-reducing bacterium from a hydrocarbon-
contaminated aquifer. International journal of systematic and evolutionary

microbiology 49, 1615-1622.
Costa, C., Dijkema, C., Friedrich, M., Garcia-Encina, P., Fernandez-Polanco, F.,

Stams, A., 2000. Denitrification with methane as electron donor in oxygen-
limited bioreactors. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53, 754-762.

Costa, M., Garcia, M., Costa-Rodrigues, J., Costa, M.S., Ribeiro, M.J., Fernandes,

73
M.H., Barros, P., Barreiro, A., Vasconcelos, V., Martins, R., 2013. Exploring
bioactive properties of marine cyanobacteria isolated from the Portuguese coast:
high potential as a source of anticancer compounds. Marine drugs 12, 98-114.
Cravo-Laureau, C., Matheron, R., Cayol, J.-L., Joulian, C., Hirschler-Rea, A., 2004.

Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., an n-alkane-and n-alkene-
degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium. International journal of systematic and

evolutionary microbiology 54, 77-83.
Dalvi, S., Nicholson, C., Najar, F., Roe, B.A., Canaan, P., Hartson, S.D., Fathepure,
B.Z., 2014. Arhodomonas sp. strain seminole and its genetic potential to degrade
aromatic compounds under high-salinity conditions. Applied and environmental
microbiology 80, 6664-6676.
Davis, T.J., 1994. The Ramsar Convention manual: a guide to the convention on
wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat. Gland
(Switzerland) Ramsar Convention Bureau.
Davis, W.J., 1999. Simulation: technologies in the new millennium, Simulation
Conference Proceedings, 1999 Winter. IEEE, pp. 141-147.
Duarte, G.F., Rosado, A.S., Seldin, L., Keijzer-Wolters, A.C., van Elsas, J.D., 1998.
Extraction of ribosomal RNA and genomic DNA from soil for studying the
diversity of the indigenous bacterial community. Journal of Microbiological
Methods 32, 21-29.
Fahrbach, M., Kuever, J., Meinke, R., Kämpfer, P., Hollender, J., 2006. Denitratisoma
oestradiolicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a 17β-oestradiol-degrading, denitrifying
betaproteobacterium. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 56, 1547-1552.
Feng, Y.-S., Lee, C.-M., 2009. The potential of the acetonitrile biodegradation by
Mesorhizobium sp. F28. Journal of hazardous materials 164, 646-650.
Fernandes, N., Case, R.J., Longford, S.R., Seyedsayamdost, M.R., Steinberg, P.D.,
Kjelleberg, S., Thomas, T., 2011. Genomes and virulence factors of novel
bacterial pathogens causing bleaching disease in the marine red alga Delisea
pulchra. PloS one 6, e27387.
Finster, K.W., Kjeldsen, K.U., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., Mussmann, M., Amann, R.,
Schreiber, L., 2013. Complete genome sequence of Desulfocapsa sulfexigens, a
marine deltaproteobacterium specialized in disproportionating inorganic sulfur
compounds. Standards in genomic sciences 8, 58.
Fuse, H., Takimura, O., Murakami, K., Yamaoka, Y., Omori, T., 2000. Utilization of
dimethyl sulfide as a sulfur source with the aid of light by Marinobacterium sp.
strain DMS-S1. Applied and environmental microbiology 66, 5527-5532.
García, M.T., Gallego, V., Ventosa, A., Mellado, E., 2005. Thalassobacillus devorans

74
gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, phenol-degrading, Gram-positive
bacterium. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology
55, 1789-1795.
Gauthier, M.J., Lafay, B., Christen, R., Fernandez, L., Acquaviva, M., Bonin, P.,
Bertrand, J.-C., 1992. Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a
new, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 42, 568-576.
Gayathri, M., Kumar, P.S., Prabha, A.M.L., Muralitharan, G., 2015. In vitro
regeneration of Arachis hypogaea L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. using
extracellular phytohormones from Aphanothece sp. MBDU 515. Algal Research
7, 100-105.
Giovagnetti, V., Cataldo, M.L., Conversano, F., Brunet, C., 2012. Growth and
photophysiological responses of two picoplanktonic Minutocellus species,
strains RCC967 and RCC703 (Bacillariophyceae). European Journal of
Phycology 47, 408-420.
Grant, W., Long, P., 1981. Environmental microbiology. Glasgow, UK: Blackie &
Son. Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Control. Processes, Performance,
Design and Operation.
Gutierrez, T., Rhodes, G., Mishamandani, S., Berry, D., Whitman, W.B., Nichols,
P.D., Semple, K.T., Aitken, M.D., 2014. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
degradation of phytoplankton-associated Arenibacter spp. and description of
Arenibacter algicola sp. nov., an aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium.
Applied and environmental microbiology 80, 618-628.
Hamamura, N., Itai, T., Liu, Y., Reysenbach, A.L., Damdinsuren, N., Inskeep, W.P.,
2014. Identification of anaerobic arsenite‐oxidizing and arsenate‐reducing
bacteria associated with an alkaline saline lake in Khovsgol, Mongolia.
Environmental microbiology reports 6, 476-482.
Hassan, A.A., Akineden, Ö., Kress, C., Estuningsih, S., Schneider, E., Usleber, E.,
2007. Characterization of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA of Enterobacter
sakazakii and development of a species-specific PCR method. International
journal of food microbiology 116, 214-220.
Hauck, R., 1984. Atmospheric Nitrogen. Chemistry, Nitrification, Denitrification, and
their Interrelationships, The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical
Cycles. Springer, pp. 105-125.
Hesham, A.E.-L., Qi, R., Yang, M., 2011. Comparison of bacterial community
structures in two systems of a sewage treatment plant using PCR-DGGE
analysis. Journal of Environmental Sciences 23, 2049-2054.
Hovanec, T.A., Taylor, L.T., Blakis, A., Delong, E.F., 1998. Nitrospira-like bacteria

75

associated with nitrite oxidation in freshwater aquaria. Applied and
environmental microbiology 64, 258-264.
Hu, L.B., Yang, J.D., Zhou, W., Yin, Y.F., Chen, J., Shi, Z.Q., 2009. Isolation of a
Methylobacillus sp. that degrades microcystin toxins associated with
cyanobacteria. New biotechnology 26, 205-211.
Ibekwe, A.M., Grieve, C.M., Lyon, S.R., 2003. Characterization of microbial
communities and composition in constructed dairy wetland wastewater effluent.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, 5060-5069.
Ibrahim, E.A., 1983. Effects of some common pesticides on growth and metabolism
of the unicellular algae Skeletonema costatum, Amphiprora paludosa, and
Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Aquatic Toxicology 3, 1-14.
Imai, I., Sunahara, T., Nishikawa, T., Hori, Y., Kondo, R., Hiroishi, S., 2001.
Fluctuations of the red tide flagellates Chattonella spp.(Raphidophyceae) and
the algicidal bacterium Cytophaga sp. in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Marine
Biology 138, 1043-1049.
Imai, S., Ichikawa, K., Muramatsu, Y., Kasai, D., Masai, E., Fukuda, M., 2011.
Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces, Actinoplanes, and Methylibium
strains that are involved in degradation of natural rubber and synthetic poly (cis-
1, 4-isoprene). Enzyme and microbial technology 49, 526-531.
Ivanova, E.P., Gorshkova, N.M., Sawabe, T., Zhukova, N.V., Hayashi, K., Kurilenko,
V.V., Alexeeva, Y., Buljan, V., Nicolau, D.V., Mikhailov, V.V., 2004.
Sulfitobacter delicatus sp. nov. and Sulfitobacter dubius sp. nov., respectively
from a starfish (Stellaster equestris) and sea grass (Zostera marina). International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 54, 475-480.
Jabeen, H., Iqbal, S., Anwar, S., 2015. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3, 5, 6‐
trichloro‐2‐pyridinol by a novel rhizobial strain Mesorhizobium sp. HN3. Water
and Environment Journal 29, 151-160.
Janda, J.M., Abbott, S.L., 2007. 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial
identification in the diagnostic laboratory: pluses, perils, and pitfalls. Journal of
clinical microbiology 45, 2761-2764.
Jetten, M., Loosdrecht, M., Dongen, U., 2000. The Combined SharoneAnammox
Process ea Sustainable Method for N-removal from Digestion Reject Water.
STOWA Report.
Jong, T., Parry, D.L., 2003. Removal of sulfate and heavy metals by sulfate reducing
bacteria in short-term bench scale upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor runs.
Water Research 37, 3379-3389.
Jonnadula, R., Ghadi, S.C., 2011. Purification and characterization of β-agarase from
seaweed decomposing bacterium Microbulbifer sp. strain CMC-5.

76

Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering 16, 513-519.
Kadlec, R.H., Wallace, S., 2008. Treatment wetlands. CRC press.
Kashefi, K., Holmes, D.E., Baross, J.A., Lovley, D.R., 2003. Thermophily in the
Geobacteraceae: Geothermobacter ehrlichii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel
thermophilic member of the Geobacteraceae from the “Bag City” hydrothermal
vent. Applied and environmental microbiology 69, 2985-2993.
Kim, J.K., Park, K.J., Cho, K.S., Nam, S.-W., Park, T.-J., Bajpai, R., 2005. Aerobic
nitrification–denitrification by heterotrophic Bacillus strains. Bioresource
Technology 96, 1897-1906.
Kim, K.-H., Roh, S.W., Chang, H.-W., Nam, Y.-D., Yoon, J.-H., Jeon, C.O., Oh, H.-
M., Bae, J.-W., 2009. Nitratireductor basaltis sp. nov., isolated from black beach
sand. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 59, 135-
138.
Kong, J.-Y., Bai, Y., Su, Y., Yao, Y., He, R., 2014. Effects of trichloroethylene on
community structure and activity of methanotrophs in landfill cover soils. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry 78, 118-127.
Krajmalnik-Brown, R., Hölscher, T., Thomson, I.N., Saunders, F.M., Ritalahti, K.M.,
Löffler, F.E., 2004. Genetic identification of a putative vinyl chloride reductase
in Dehalococcoides sp. strain BAV1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology
70, 6347-6351.
Kudo, K., Yamaguchi, N., Makino, T., Ohtsuka, T., Kimura, K., Dong, D.T., Amachi,
S., 2013. Release of arsenic from soil by a novel dissimilatory arsenate-reducing
bacterium, Anaeromyxobacter sp. strain PSR-1. Applied and environmental
microbiology 79, 4635-4642.
Kuenen, J.G., Robertson, L.A., 1988. Ecology of nitrification and denitrification, The
nitrogen and sulphur cycles; 42nd symposium of the Society for General
Microbiology held at the University of Southampton, January 1988., 161-
218.(1988).
Kurata, A., Uchimura, K., Kobayashi, T., Horikoshi, K., 2010. Collagenolytic
subtilisin-like protease from the deep-sea bacterium Alkalimonas
collagenimarina AC40T. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 86, 589-598.
Laanbroek, H., 1990. Bacterial cycling of minerals that affect plant growth in
waterlogged soils: a review. Aquatic Botany 38, 109-125.
Labbé, N., Parent, S., Villemur, R., 2004. Nitratireductor aquibiodomus gen. nov., sp.
nov., a novel α-proteobacterium from the marine denitrification system of the
Montreal Biodome (Canada). International journal of systematic and
evolutionary microbiology 54, 269-273.
Labrenz, M., Lawson, P.A., Tindall, B.J., Collins, M.D., Hirsch, P., 2003.

77
Saccharospirillum impatiens gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel γ-Proteobacterium
isolated from hypersaline Ekho Lake (East Antarctica). International journal of
systematic and evolutionary microbiology 53, 653-660.
Langergraber, G., 2005. The role of plant uptake on the removal of organic matter and
nutrients in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: a simulation study. Water
Science and Technology 51, 213-223.
LaPara, T.M., Nakatsu, C.H., Pantea, L.M., Alleman, J.E., 2002. Stability of the
bacterial communities supported by a seven-stage biological process treating
pharmaceutical wastewater as revealed by PCR-DGGE. Water Research 36,
638-646.
Lee, C.g., Fletcher, T.D., Sun, G., 2009. Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland
systems. Engineering in Life Sciences 9, 11-22.
Lee, J.-H., Han, J., Choi, H., Hur, H.-G., 2007. Effects of temperature and dissolved
oxygen on Se (IV) removal and Se (0) precipitation by Shewanella sp. HN-41.
Chemosphere 68, 1898-1905.
Liao, S., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Chen, X., Wang, H., Wang, G., 2013. Arsenite oxidation
using biogenic manganese oxides produced by a deep-sea manganese-oxidizing
bacterium, Marinobacter sp. MnI7-9. Geomicrobiology Journal 30, 150-159.
Liu, X., Tiquia, S.M., Holguin, G., Wu, L., Nold, S.C., Devol, A.H., Luo, K.,
Palumbo, A.V., Tiedje, J.M., Zhou, J., 2003. Molecular diversity of denitrifying
genes in continental margin sediments within the oxygen-deficient zone off the
Pacific coast of Mexico. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, 3549-
3560.
Liu, Y., Balkwill, D.L., Aldrich, H.C., Drake, G.R., Boone, D.R., 1999.
Characterization of the anaerobic propionate-degrading syntrophs Smithella
propionica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Syntrophobacter wolinii. International Journal
of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49, 545-556.
Lonergan, D.J., Jenter, H.L., Coates, J.D., Phillips, E., Schmidt, T.M., Lovley, D.R.,
1996. Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe (III)-reducing bacteria. Journal
of bacteriology 178, 2402-2408.
Lu, W.-D., Pang, H.-Q., Guo, L.-Z., 2013. Genome sequence of the fructan-degrading
organism Marinimicrobium sp. strain LS-A18, isolated from a marine solar
saltern. Genome announcements 1, e00776-00713.
Macián, M.C., Arahal, D.R., Garay, E., Pujalte, M.J., 2005. Marinomonas aquamarina
sp. nov., isolated from oysters and seawater. Systematic and applied
microbiology 28, 145-150.
MacNaughton, S.J., Stephen, J.R., Venosa, A.D., Davis, G.A., Chang, Y.-J., White,
D.C., 1999. Microbial population changes during bioremediation of an

78
experimental oil spill. Applied and environmental microbiology 65, 3566-3574.
Márquez, M., Carrasco, I., Xue, Y., Ma, Y., Cowan, D., Jones, B., Grant, W., Ventosa,
A., 2007. Aquisalimonas asiatica gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic
bacterium isolated from an alkaline, saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 57, 1137-
1142.
Math, R.K., Jin, H.M., Kim, J.M., Hahn, Y., Park, W., Madsen, E.L., Jeon, C.O., 2012.
Comparative genomics reveals adaptation by Alteromonas sp. SN2 to marine
tidal-flat conditions: cold tolerance and aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism.
PLoS One 7, e35784.
Matheson, F.E., Sukias, J.P., 2010. Nitrate removal processes in a constructed wetland
treating drainage from dairy pasture. Ecological Engineering 36, 1260-1265.
Matsumoto, M., Iwama, D., Arakaki, A., Tanaka, A., Tanaka, T., Miyashita, H.,

Matsunaga, T., 2011. Altererythrobacter ishigakiensis sp. nov., an astaxanthin-
producing bacterium isolated from a marine sediment. International journal of

systematic and evolutionary microbiology 61, 2956-2961.

Miller, T.R., Belas, R., 2004. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolism by Pfiesteria-
associated Roseobacter spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, 3383-

3391.
Miyazaki, M., Nogi, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Kawato, M., Nagahama, T., Kubokawa, K.,
Horikoshi, K., 2008. Amphritea japonica sp. nov. and Amphritea balenae sp.
nov., isolated from the sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off
Kagoshima, Japan. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 58, 2815-2820.
Mnif, S., Chamkha, M., Sayadi, S., 2009. Isolation and characterization of Halomonas
sp. strain C2SS100, a hydrocarbon‐degrading bacterium under hypersaline
conditions. Journal of applied microbiology 107, 785-794.
Moore, L.R., Rocap, G., Chisholm, S.W., 1998. Physiology and molecular phylogeny
of coexisting Prochlorococcus ecotypes. Nature 393, 464.
Munson, M., Banerjee, A., Watson, T., Wade, W., 2004. Molecular analysis of the
microflora associated with dental caries. Journal of clinical microbiology 42,
3023-3029.
Muyzer, G., De Waal, E., Uitterlinden, A., 1993. Profiling of complex microbial
population by DGGE analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified genes
encoding for 16S rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 62, 2676-2680.
Nagashima, H., Zulkharnain, A.B., Maeda, R., Fuse, H., Iwata, K., Omori, T., 2010.
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of carbazole degradation genes from marine
bacterium Neptuniibacter sp. strain CAR-SF. Current microbiology 61, 50-56.

79
Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Kim, S.B., Lysenko, A.M., Mikhailov, V.V., Bae, K.S., Kim,
I.S., 2005. Salegentibacter mishustinae sp. nov., isolated from the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus intermedius. International journal of systematic and
evolutionary microbiology 55, 235-238.
Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Kim, S.B., Vancanneyt, M., Shin, D.S., Lysenko, A.M.,
Shevchenko, L.S., Krasokhin, V.B., Mikhailov, V.V., Swings, J., Bae, K.S.,
2006. Salegentibacter agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium of the
family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the sponge Artemisina sp. International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 56, 883-887.
Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Suzuki, M., Vancanneyt, M., Cleenwerck, I., Zhukova, N.V.,
Vysotskii, M.V., Mikhailov, V.V., Swings, J., 2004. Salegentibacter
holothuriorum sp. nov., isolated from the edible holothurian Apostichopus
japonicus. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 54,
1107-1110.
Nübel, U., Garcia-Pichel, F., Kühl, M., Muyzer, G., 1999. Quantifying microbial
diversity: morphotypes, 16S rRNA genes, and carotenoids of oxygenic
phototrophs in microbial mats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65,
422-430.
Oh, C., Heo, S.-J., De Zoysa, M., Affan, A., Jung, W.-K., Park, H.-S., Lee, Y., Lee, J.,

Yoon, K.-T., Kang, D.-H., 2011. Whole-genome sequence of the xylanase-
producing Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens strain S86. Journal of

bacteriology 193, 5557-5557.
Ohshiro, T., Harada, N., Kobayashi, Y., Miki, Y., Kawamoto, H., 2012. Microbial
fucoidan degradation by Luteolibacter algae H18 with deacetylation.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76, 620-623.
Ohtsuka, T., Yamaguchi, N., Makino, T., Sakurai, K., Kimura, K., Kudo, K., Homma,
E., Dong, D.T., Amachi, S., 2013. Arsenic dissolution from Japanese paddy soil
by a dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacterium Geobacter sp. OR-1.
Environmental science & technology 47, 6263-6271.
Okai, M., Kihara, I., Yokoyama, Y., Ishida, M., Urano, N., 2015. Isolation and
characterization of benzo [a] pyrene-degrading bacteria from the Tokyo Bay
area and Tama River in Japan. FEMS microbiology letters 362, fnv143.
Ortiz‐Hernández, M., Quintero‐Ramírez, R., Nava‐Ocampo, A., Bello‐Ramírez, A.,
2003. Study of the mechanism of Flavobacterium sp. for hydrolyzing
organophosphate pesticides. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 17, 717-723.
Osborn, A.M., Moore, E.R., Timmis, K.N., 2000. An evaluation of terminal‐restriction
fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis for the study of microbial
community structure and dynamics. Environmental microbiology 2, 39-50.

80
Overmann, J., Fischer, U., Pfennig, N., 1992. A new purple sulfur bacterium from
saline littoral sediments, Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi gen. nov. and sp. nov.
Archives of microbiology 157, 329-335.
Overmann, J., Gemerden, H., 2000. Microbial interactions involving sulfur bacteria:
implications for the ecology and evolution of bacterial communities. FEMS
Microbiology Reviews 24, 591-599.
Park, S., Kang, S.-J., Oh, T.-K., Yoon, J.-H., 2010. Roseivivax lentus sp. nov., isolated
from a tidal flat sediment, and emended description of the genus Roseivivax
Suzuki et al. 1999. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 60, 1113-1117.
Park, S., Yoon, J.-H., 2014. Octadecabacter jejudonensis sp. nov., isolated from the
junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring and emended description of
the genus Octadecabacter. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 64, 719-724.
Patrick, W.H., Wyatt, R., 1964. Soil nitrogen loss as a result of alternate submergence
and drying. Soil Science Society of America Journal 28, 647-653.
Pierson, B.K., Castenholz, R.W., 1974. A phototrophic gliding filamentous bacterium
of hot springs, Chloroflexus aurantiacus, gen. and sp. nov. Archives of
microbiology 100, 5-24.
Prescott, L., Harley, J.P., Klein, D., 1996. Microbiology, Wm. C. Brown Publishers,
Chicago, London.
Rabinovitch-Deere, C.A., Parales, R.E., 2012. Three types of taxis used in the
response of Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 to 2-nitrotoluene. Applied and
environmental microbiology 78, 2306-2315.
Reddy, K., Patrick, W., Broadbent, F., 1984. Nitrogen transformations and loss in
flooded soils and sediments. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and
Technology 13, 273-309.
Saeed, T., Sun, G., 2012. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in
subsurface flow constructed wetlands: dependency on environmental
parameters, operating conditions and supporting media. Journal of
environmental management 112, 429-448.
Sakadevan, K., Bavor, H., 1999. Nutrient removal mechanisms in constructed
wetlands and sustainable water management. Water Science and Technology 40,
121-128.
Saltikov, C.W., Wildman, R.A., Newman, D.K., 2005. Expression dynamics of arsenic
respiration and detoxification in Shewanella sp. strain ANA-3. Journal of
bacteriology 187, 7390-7396.
Sanchez-Porro, C., Amoozegar, M.A., Rohban, R., Hajighasemi, M., Ventosa, A.,

81
2009. Thalassobacillus cyri sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Gram-positive
bacterium from a hypersaline lake. International journal of systematic and
evolutionary microbiology 59, 2565-2570.
Sankaralingam, S., Nithyanand, P., Karuthapandiyan, S., Palavesam, A.,
Ramasubburayan, R., Immanuel, G., 2013. Identification and growth
characterization of a novel 2, 4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) degrading
bacterium Maribacter sp Amsu isolated from aquaculture effluent. Applied
Ecology and Environmental Research 11, 137-151.
Schäfer, F., Muzica, L., Schuster, J., Treuter, N., Rosell, M., Harms, H., Müller, R.H.,
Rohwerder, T., 2011. Formation of Alkenes via Degradation of tert-Alkyl Ethers
and Alcohols by Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108 and Methylibium spp. Applied
and environmental microbiology 77, 5981-5987.
Seo, H.J., Bae, S.S., Lee, J.-H., Kim, S.-J., 2005. Photobacterium frigidiphilum sp.
nov., a psychrophilic, lipolytic bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediments of
Edison Seamount. International journal of systematic and evolutionary
microbiology 55, 1661-1666.
Serrano, W., Amann, R., Rossello-Mora, R., Fischer, U., 2010. Evaluation of the use
of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to resolve taxonomic conflicts within
the genus Marichromatium. Systematic and applied microbiology 33, 116-121.
Shiba, T., 1991. Roseobacter litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Roseobacter
denitrificans sp. nov., aerobic pink-pigmented bacteria which contain
bacteriochlorophyll a. Systematic and applied microbiology 14, 140-145.
Shiu, C.-p., 2007. Using of PCR-DGGE Technique to Analyze the Microbial
Diversity in Biofiltration System of Water Treatment Plant.
Singh, P., 1973. Nitrogen fixation by the unicellular blue-green alga Aphanothece.
Archives of Microbiology 92, 59-62.
Sohn, J.H., Kwon, K.K., Kang, J.-H., Jung, H.-B., Kim, S.-J., 2004.
Novosphingobium pentaromativorans sp. nov., a high-molecular-mass
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from estuarine
sediment. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 54,
1483-1487.
Sorokin, D.Y., Lysenko, A.M., Mityushina, L.L., Tourova, T.P., Jones, B.E., Rainey,
F.A., Robertson, L.A., Kuenen, G.J., 2001. Thioalkalimicrobium aerophilum
gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thioalkalimicrobium sibericum sp. nov., and
Thioalkalivibrio versutus gen. nov., sp. nov., Thioalkalivibrio nitratis sp. nov.,
novel and Thioalkalivibrio denitrificancs sp. nov., novel obligately alkaliphilic
and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from soda lakes.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51, 565-580.

82
Sorokin, D.Y., Tourova, T.P., Braker, G., Muyzer, G., 2007a. Thiohalomonas
denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thiohalomonas nitratireducens sp. nov.,
novel obligately chemolithoautotrophic, moderately halophilic, thiodenitrifying
Gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline habitats. International journal of
systematic and evolutionary microbiology 57, 1582-1589.
Sorokin, D.Y., Trotsenko, Y.A., Doronina, N.V., Tourova, T.P., Galinski, E.A.,
Kolganova, T.V., Muyzer, G., 2007b. Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp.
nov. and Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov., methylotrophic
gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline lakes. International journal of systematic
and evolutionary microbiology 57, 2762-2769.
Sorokin, D.Y., van Pelt, S., Tourova, T.P., Muyzer, G., 2007c. Microbial
isobutyronitrile utilization under haloalkaline conditions. Applied and
environmental microbiology 73, 5574-5579.
Sorokin, D.Y., Van Pelt, S., Tourova, T.P., Takaichi, S., Muyzer, G., 2007d.
Acetonitrile degradation under haloalkaline conditions by Natronocella
acetinitrilica gen. nov., sp. nov. Microbiology 153, 1157-1164.
Stubner, S., Wind, T., Conrad, R., 1998. Sulfur oxidation in rice field soil: activity,
enumeration, isolation and characterization of thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria.
Systematic and applied microbiology 21, 569-578.
Sultanpuram, V.R., Lodha, T.D., Chintalapati, V.R., Chintalapati, S., 2013.
Cohaesibacter haloalkalitolerans sp. nov., isolated from a soda lake, and
emended description of the genus Cohaesibacter. International journal of
systematic and evolutionary microbiology 63, 4271-4276.
Sundaravadivel, M., Vigneswaran, S., 2001. Constructed wetlands for wastewater
treatment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 31, 351-
409.
Tenenbaum, D.J., 2004. Constructed wetlands: borrowing a concept from nature.
Environmental health perspectives 112, A44.
Teramoto, M., Ohuchi, M., Hatmanti, A., Darmayati, Y., Widyastuti, Y., Harayama, S.,
Fukunaga, Y., 2011. Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that
degrades petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons in a tropical marine environment.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 61, 375-380.
URAKAMI, T., OYANAGI, H., ARAKI, H., SUZUKI, K.-I., KOMAGATA, K., 1990.
Recharacterization and emended description of the genus Mycoplana and
description of two new species, Mycoplana ramosa and Mycoplana segnis.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 40, 434-442.
Van de Graaf, A.A., Mulder, A., de Bruijn, P., Jetten, M., Robertson, L.A., Kuenen,
J.G., 1995. Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated

83

process. Applied and environmental microbiology 61, 1246-1251.
vanden Hoven, R.N., Santini, J.M., 2004. Arsenite oxidation by the heterotroph
Hydrogenophaga sp. str. NT-14: the arsenite oxidase and its physiological
electron acceptor. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics 1656,
148-155.
Vedler, E., Heinaru, E., Jutkina, J., Viggor, S., Koressaar, T., Remm, M., Heinaru, A.,
2013. Limnobacter spp. as newly detected phenol-degraders among Baltic Sea
surface water bacteria characterised by comparative analysis of catabolic genes.
Systematic and applied microbiology 36, 525-532.
Verstraete, W., Focht, D., 1977. Biochemical ecology of nitrification and
denitrification, Advances in microbial ecology. Springer, pp. 135-214.
Vymazal, J., 2007. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands.
Science of the total environment 380, 48-65.
Vymazal, J., 2010. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Water 2, 530-549.
Wang, R., Baldy, V., Périssol, C., Korboulewsky, N., 2012. Influence of plants on
microbial activity in a vertical-downflow wetland system treating waste
activated sludge with high organic matter concentrations. Journal of
environmental management 95, S158-S164.
Watanabe, M., Sasaki, K., Nakashimada, Y., Nishio, N., 1998. High density cell

culture of a marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sp. with self-
flocculated cells. Biotechnology letters 20, 1113-1117.

Weelink, S.A., Tan, N.C., Ten Broeke, H., Van Doesburg, W., Langenhoff, A.A.,
Gerritse, J., Stams, A.J., 2007. Physiological and phylogenetic characterization
of a stable benzene-degrading, chlorate-reducing microbial community. FEMS
microbiology ecology 60, 312-321.
White, V.E., Knowles, C.J., 2003. Degradation of copper-NTA by Mesorhizobium sp.
NCIMB 13524. International biodeterioration & biodegradation 52, 143-150.
Xie, C.-H., Yokota, A., 2006. Zoogloea oryzae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium
isolated from rice paddy soil, and reclassification of the strain ATCC 19623 as
Crabtreella saccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov. International journal of systematic
and evolutionary microbiology 56, 619-624.
Yan, Z., Jiang, H., Cai, H., Zhou, Y., Krumholz, L.R., 2015. Complex interactions
between the macrophyte Acorus calamus and microbial fuel cells during pyrene
and benzo [a] pyrene degradation in sediments. Scientific reports 5.
Yates, M.D., Kiely, P.D., Call, D.F., Rismani-Yazdi, H., Bibby, K., Peccia, J., Regan,
J.M., Logan, B.E., 2012. Convergent development of anodic bacterial
communities in microbial fuel cells. The ISME journal 6, 2002-2013.
Ying, J.-Y., Liu, Z.-P., Wang, B.-J., Dai, X., Yang, S.-S., Liu, S.-J., 2007.

84
Salegentibacter catena sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the South China Sea,
and emended description of the genus Salegentibacter. International journal of
systematic and evolutionary microbiology 57, 219-222.
Yordy, J.R., WEAVER, T.L., 1977. Methylobacillus: a new genus of obligately
methylotrophic bacteria. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology 27, 247-255.
Zhou, G.-c., Wang, Y., Zhai, S., Ge, F., Liu, Z.-h., Dai, Y.-j., Yuan, S., Hou, J.-y.,
2013. Biodegradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by the
nitrogen-fixing and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Ensifer adhaerens
strain TMX-23. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 97, 4065-4074.
Zhou, L., Zhou, Y., 1996. A comprehensive model for the adsorption of supercritical
hydrogen on activated carbon. Industrial & engineering chemistry research 35,
4166-4168.
方偉達, 2006. 聽濕地在唱歌: 城市的生態復育手冊. 高雄: 高雄市政府工務局,
新自然主義股份有限公司.
林靜宜, 2004. 荖濃溪流域之土壤微生物相調查. 中山大學生物科學系研究所學
位論文.
疋田宗生, 若林久嗣, 江草周三, 増村和彦, 1979. Flexibacter sp., a gliding
bacterium pathogenic to some marine fishes in Japan. 日本水産学会誌 45,
421-428.
許志平, 2007. 以 PCR-DGGE 技術分析自來水生物過濾系統中之微生物相. 中
山大學生物科學系研究所學位論文.
郭進慶, 2007. 社區排水系統暴雨初期污水處理規劃之可行性研究, 中山大學海
洋環境及工程系碩士學位論文.
鄭瑋亭, 2014. 以即時定量 PCR 評估含氯有機物之生物整治效益. 中山大學生
物科學系研究所學位論文.
陳世偉, 吳俊毅, 高志明, 張有義, 2006. 高屏溪舊鐵橋人工溼地水質淨化功能探
討: 一個親水的自然系統. Journal of the Environmental Protection 29.