本研究目的為觀察浮游性有孔蟲殼體面積密度之變化，並探討變化的原因以及與環境參數的關係。透過國內研究船採集2003年夏季、2007及2012年秋季、2013年春季及夏季位於南海北部及台灣西南海域所採集的拖網樣本，以及相同區域藉由沉積物收集器取得的六個串列樣品，其中一個佈放在南海SEATS (South-East Asian Time-series Study)站，其餘五個則在南海東北部靠近台灣西南海域的位置。浮游性有孔蟲主要挑選Globigerinoides sacculifer、Globigerinoides ruber、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei、Orbulina universa、Globigerinella aequilateralis共五種種屬，以殼體面積密度和沉積物收集器串列的參數及現場CTD量測的水文參數進行討論，並透過EOF分析觀察殼體面積密度與參數的關係及造成變化的原因。
分析的結果顯示O. universa及G. aequilateralis兩種浮游性有孔蟲種屬雖然殼室的形狀不同，但殼體面積密度變化皆會同時受到殼體大小的影響，而殼體側影的拍攝結果顯示殼體厚度亦會影響面積密度的變化。以三天為單位的沉積物收集器所採集的樣本則顯示G. sacculifer的殼體面積密度與殼體大小有相同的變化趨勢，殼體較大及數量較多時，面積密度呈現高值，反之殼體較小及數量也較少時，面積密度則呈現低值。G. ruber的殼體面積密度則呈現類似半月週期的變化趨勢，隨著月亮的朔望週期而有明顯變化。面積密度與串列參數進行EOF分析的結果顯示G. sacculifer的殼體面積密度會與數量通量正相關；G. ruber的殼體面積密度則未與其他串列參數有相同變化趨勢。
同航次在上層水體由水平拖網採集的樣本顯示浮游性有孔蟲G. sacculifer及G. ruber的殼體面積密度未與採樣的緯度呈現明顯關連性；同一海域，但不同年份所採集的G. sacculifer的殼體面積密度數據，則反映隨間隔5年和10年的時間而減少的現象，與利用經驗公式計算的海水pH值呈現類似的變化，可能是海水酸化的佐證之一。拖網樣本與既有水文參數進行EOF分析的結果則顯示G. sacculifer的殼體面積密度與pH值和螢光值積分呈現正相關。以在上層水體水深100公尺的拖網所採集的有孔蟲標本，與沉積物收集器於2000公尺和3500公尺所取得三種不同深度的浮游性有孔蟲殼體樣本比較面積密度的測量結果：除了G. aequilateralis之外，另外分析的三種浮游性有孔蟲殼體面積密度並未隨採樣深度不同而有明顯變化趨勢，此結果不足以驗證水體中碳酸鈣的溶解效應。

The shell area density of planktonic foraminifera, together with seawater parameters, collected from area off southwestern Taiwan and northern South China Sea were measured in this study. Plankton tows were conducted in 2003 summer, 2007 and 2012 autumn, 2013 spring and winter. In addition, shells collected from six sediment trap moorings were also adapted from at the same area. Totally five species of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Orbulina universa, Globigerinella aequilateralis were analyzed for this work.
Different shape of chambers between G. aequilateralis and O. universa prove that area density could be affected by shell size. Their silhouette area suggest that area density also is affected by shell thickness. Specimens obtained from sediment traps indicate that area density of G. sacculifer shows same tendency with shell size change, while that of G. ruber has a pattern similar to semi-lunar cycle. Results of EOF statistical analysis prove that area density of G. sacculifer varies as its shell abundance changes. The area density of G. ruber, however doesn’t show any evident pattern that can be correlated with hydrographic parameters.
Comtempoary samples from plankton tows conducted between 13°~22° N in the SCS indicate that planktonic foraminiferal area density doesn’t display any corresponding change along with latitude. The area density of G. sacculifer shows evident waning for the last 10 years. Results of EOF statistical analysis prove that area density of G. sacculifer is directly proportional to pH value and fluorescence in the water column, but that of G. ruber does not have any corresponding change with hydrological parameters. Comparisons among samples collected from water depth at 100 meter and sediment traps deployed at 2000 and 3500 meter indicate that except for G. aequilateralis, other planktonic foraminifera doesn’t show any significant change with different sampling water depth.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
壹、前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2前人研究 3
1.3研究區域 5
1.4研究目的 8
貳、材料及方法 9
2.1有孔蟲之採集 13
2.1.1浮游生物拖網 13
2.1.2沉積物收集器 13
2.2有孔蟲之前處理 13
2.2.1浮游生物拖網 13
2.2.2沉積物收集器 13
2.3有孔蟲分析 14
2.3.1鑑種 14
2.3.2殼體大小挑選 14
2.3.3殼體清洗 15
2.3.4殼體面積密度測量 16
2.3.5殼體面積密度EOF分析 17
參、結果與討論 18
3.1有孔蟲殼體面積密度實驗 18
3.1.1殼體有機質去除效果實驗 18
3.1.2殼體面積密度隨殼體大小變化影響 21
3.1.3面積密度與殼體重量之對比 23
3.2沉積物收集器的有孔蟲殼體面積密度之比較 25
3.2.1殼體面積密隨時間變化之趨勢 25
3.2.2殼體面積密度EOF分析 32
3.3浮游生物拖網的有孔蟲面積密度之比較 39
3.3.1殼體面積密度隨緯度之變化 39
3.3.2殼體面積密度隨採樣時間間隔之變化 40
3.3.3殼體面積密度與水文參數之EOF分析 41
3.4浮游生物拖網與沉積物收集器的有孔蟲面積密度之比較 44
肆、結論 47
伍、參考文獻 48
中文部分 48
英文部分 48

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