本研究主要分為兩個主題，第一個主題是以現場採樣監測方式進行高雄港區沉積物物化性質之分析，取樣點共設置6個，監測期間自2002至2005年，分析項目包括重金屬(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Al)、含水量、有機質、總氮、總磷、總油脂及粒徑分析等，藉由監測結果評估沉積物之品質。第二主題是藉由數值模式(Short-Term FATE, STFATE)模擬沉積物進行海洋棄置後的沉降情形、擴散範圍及沉積厚度等模擬，另以空中攝影取得實際擴散範圍進行模式之驗證及修正，以評估模式之適用性及模擬結果之合理性，並進一步評估浚泥海洋棄置對海域水質之影響。本研究之主要目的包括：(1) 評估高雄港區沉積物之品質，藉以了解過去及現在高雄港沉積物的整治及管理作業成效，(2) 提供高雄港區未來擬訂污染控制及整治方案之基礎背景資料。(3) 評估浚泥海洋棄置對海域水質之影響。
第一個主題之研究結果顯示，研究區域之沉積物中各重金屬含量介於0.58 mg kg-1 (Cd) 至 596 mg kg-1 (Zn)之間，在河川出海口附近之沉積物重金屬含量相對高於其它區域，且除了Cr外，其餘金屬皆具有相對較高之富集因子及地質累積指數。此外，重金屬含量與沉積物性質具有顯著之相關性，亦顯示鄰近之工業區及河川沿岸之工業及城市污水的排放為重要之污染源。此結果將有助於高雄港建立未來污染控制策略及沉積物整治方案研擬之參考。
第二主題之研究結果顯示，懸浮固體在西南及東北季風期間浚泥在棄置後4小時，對於海洋棄置區之水體影響皆屬微小(SS = 3 ~ 4 mg/L)。擴散模擬結果顯示，拋泥時間20秒造成的影響距離及範圍較小，惟需較長之時間恢復懸浮固體濃度；反之，拋泥時間1200秒，造成之影響距離及範圍大，而恢復水體懸浮固體濃度之時間則較短。模擬驗證之結果顯示，整體而言，模擬值在擴散長度、寬度、面積及擴散形狀皆符合實際值之趨勢，平均誤差為27.8%。
依據沉積物現場調查果顯示，鄰近高雄港之工業區及河川沿岸之工業及城市污水的排放為重要之污染源，此結果將有助於高雄港建立未來污染控制及沉積物整治方案。此外，應用數值模擬評估沉積物海洋棄置對海洋環境影響，可預先初步了解浚泥海洋棄置對棄置區海域水質之影響程度，進而避免造成海域環境受到重大之衝擊。

The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments, especially those at the vicinity of tributary estuaries of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from six locations in the Kaohsiung Harbor were collected quarterly in the period from 2002 to 2005 and characterized for metal content (e.g., Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Al), water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total grease, and grain size. Results showed that metal concentrations varied from 0.58 mg kg-1 for Cd to 596 mg kg-1 for Zn. Metal concentrations at the vicinity of river mouths were higher than those at other locations. All heavy metals studied, except Cr, had relatively high enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indices in the estuaries. Moreover, metal concentrations correlated closely to the physical-chemical properties of the sediments, which strongly suggested the influence of industrial and municipal wastewaters discharged from the neighboring industrial parks and river basins. Results would help develop strategies for pollution control and sediment remediation of Kaohsiung Harbor.
Ocean disposal of wastes such as dredged sediments causes the concentrations of contaminants and some other water quality parameters in the water column to change. In this study, the STFATE (Short-term Fate) system, a model developed by the US Corps of Engineers for managing automatic dredging and disposal of the dredged materials, was used to model and simulate the deposition, dispersion and accumulation of the dredged material disposed at an ocean site. Additionally, aerial photographs taken from a helicopter on dispersion of the disposed sediments were used to calibrate and verify the modeling results for evaluating its applicability in predicting the influence of disposing dredged sediments on the surrounding seawater quality. Simulation results indicate that after 4 h of ocean disposal, the dredged sediment showed negligible adverse influence on the seawater quality (SS = 3 – 4 mg/L). Results of simulating the dispersion of dredged sediments revealed that 20 seconds disposal duration resulted in smaller influence distance and range but a longer time for the seawater to recover to its original state. A longer disposal time of 1,200 seconds would cause a larger distance and range of influence but a shorter recovery time. The verification results demonstrate that simulated values on the dispersion length, width, area and shape generally comfort to the trends of monitored data; the average error is around 27.8%.

謝誌………………………………………………………………… I
中文摘要…………………………………………………………… II
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………… III
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………… IV
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………… VII
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………… VIII
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………… 1
1.1 Distribution and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Sediments……… 1
1.2 Modeling and Simulation of Ocean Disposal of Harbor Sediments……… 3
1.3 Objectives…………………………………………………… 4
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………… 6
2.1 Mathematical Modeling of Ocean Disposal…………………………… 6
2.2 Theoretical Analyses of the Numerical Simulation…………………… 6
Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………… 15
3.1 Sample Collection………………………………………… 15
3.2 Sample Processing………………………………………… 16
3.3 Sample Analysis…………………………………………… 16
3.4 Statistical Analyses……………………………………… 17
3.5 Mathematical Modeling Methods of Analyses………… 18

Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………… 23
4.1 Distribution and Accumulation of Harbor Sediments 23
4.1.1 Sediment Characteristics…………………………… 23
4.1.2 Metal Distribution………………………………… 25
4.1.3 Enrichment Factor and Index of Geo-Accumulation ……………………………………………………………26
4.1.4 Relation of Sediment Characteristics to Trace Metal Concentrations……………………………………………………29
4.1.5 Engineering Significance…………………………… 30
4.2 Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Ocean Disposal of Harbor Dredged Sediments………………………………… 39
4.2.1 Simulation Results on Ocean Disposal of Dredged Sediments 39
4.2.2 STFATE Model Verification…………………………… 43
Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………… 56
5.1 Distribution and Accumulation of Harbor Sediments 56
5.2 Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Ocean Disposal of Harbor Dredged Sediments………………………………… 57
REFERENCES………………………………………………………… 59
作者簡歷與著作………………………………………………… 68

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