Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-1122115-150809 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-1122115-150809
論文名稱
Title
美國予中國PNTR之決策探究:雙層賽局與跨國公司政治參與之觀點
A study of the PNTR policy made by the U.S. to China: A View on the theory of two-level games and the participation of politics by MNCs
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
178
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-12-22
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-12-22
關鍵字
Keywords
永久正常貿易關係、跨國公司、勝利集合、雙層賽局、外交決策
foreign policy decision-making, MNCs, PNTR, win-wet, two-level games
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5713 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5713 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
一般而言,無條件相互給予最惠國待遇或永久正常貿易關係地位的行為,在國際多邊貿易組織中,已被視為是國際貿易的基本原則,然而美國貿易法《賈克森—凡尼克修正案(Jackson-Vanik Amendment)》對於非市場經濟國家如中國的年度審議,卻明顯違反互惠無歧視的國際貿易原則,尤其在美國政府與中國於1999年達成中國入會的雙邊協定後,基於美中經貿整體利益,並為避免國內法與國際規範牴觸的衡量下,給予中國PNTR的立法便應運而生。
不過,由於該法案具有中止向中國進行年度審查的重要意義,因而使得國內選民的立場出現極大反差,導致國會針對給予中國PNTR的立法產生嚴重僵局。簡單來說,美國給予中國PNTR的立法背景,充斥著美中兩國之間、美國政府與國會之間,以及美國國內利益團體之間,不同層次的利益衝擊。若依據Robert D. Putnam於雙層賽局理論(two-level games theory)的基本概念,則可發現美國政府一方面迫於國際環境壓力而有PNTR政策的外交考量,一方面又得面對國內層面因國會、利益團體與選民意見分歧所引發的立法障礙。然而即便如此,給予中國PNTR的政策終究還是獲得成功,這其中除了美國政府尋求國內認可的策略操作外,跨國公司的政治參與亦發揮了重要作用。
據此,本研究將藉由整合雙層賽局研究架構與跨國公司政治參與的觀點,來分析PNTR決策過程的外部與內部影響因素,並以此解釋在國際外交與國內政治層次的雙向互動下,美國給予非市場經濟國家PNTR時所可能面臨的國際與國內限制為何?又侷限存在時,美國政府基於國際合作考量的PNTR決策,是如何因跨國公司的影響而終將得以定案?試圖進一步提供美國經貿外交政策相關研究有另一角度的動態分析途徑。
Abstract
Generally speaking, in an international multilateral trade organization, the behavior to give mutually and unconditionally the most-favored nation treatment or the permanent normal trade relation is deemed as a fundamental principle. However in the case of Jackson-Vanik Amendment violated evidently the mutually favored non-discrimination international commerce principle in the non-market economy countries such as China on the yearly deliberation; especially when the American Government and China reached the bilateral agreement allowing China to join the committee in 1999; based upon the whole entity benefits of economy and commerce for both America and China and also to avoid the conflicts between the domestic law and the international standard, the legislation giving China PNTR was thus produced.

However, because the legal Act was of important significance to discontinue the yearly deliberation on China, thus the standpoint of domestic civilian voters appeared big contrast which led to a serious legislation deadlock. Briefly speaking, the legislation background of America giving China PNTR is filled with various stages of benefit conflicts between America and China, American Government and the Congress, and the American domestic beneficial groups. According to the concept of Two-Level Games Theory by Robert D. Putnam, we could find that American government on one hand was forced by the pressure of international environment to have the diplomatic measurement of PNTR, and on the other hand it also needed to face the legislation obstacle which is produced by the congress, beneficial groups and the civilian voters. Nevertheless, the policy of giving PNTR to China is finally successful, among these except for the policy manipulation to seek for the domestic approval, the participation of transnational corporations also functions importantly.

Based upon these, this study takes the point of view to integrate both the Two-Level Games structure and the political participation of transnational corporations to analyze the inside and outside influencing factors during the process of PNTR, and further explain what’s the possible international and domestic limits to face with when America gives non-market economy nations PNTR under two-way interactions of both international diplomacy and domestic politics. Furthermore if limits exist, how is the PNTR policy finally settled by the influence of transnational corporations? Try to further provide a relative study from another angle to have a dynamic analysis path for the American economy and commerce diplomatic policy.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 6
第三節 名詞解釋 7
第四節 文獻回顧 10
第五節 研究架構 20
第六節 研究方法 21
第七節 研究範圍與限制 22
第二章 理論基礎 25
第一節 層次分析途徑中的雙層賽局理論 25
第二節 國際政治經濟學視角下的跨國公司 47
第三章 美國予中國PNTR決策之國際層面分析 72
第一節 經濟全球化與相互依賴 72
第二節 中國入會與WTO原則 87
第三節 亞太區域政治經濟結構之變動 95
第四章 美國予中國PNTR決策之國內層面分析 104
第一節 國內政治制度與結構 104
第二節 國內選民的利益取向與結構 111
第三節 美國政府操作勝利集合規模之策略 119
第五章 跨國公司於美中PNTR決策過程之角色探究 126
第一節 綜合國力競爭下的國家與跨國公司 126
第二節 跨國公司與一國之外交決策:PNTR決策中的跨國公司 139
第六章 結論 155
參考文獻 160
參考文獻 References
壹、 中文
一、 專書
王正毅、張岩貴著,2003。《國際政治經濟學:理論範式與現實經驗研究》。北京:商務印書館。
王勇,2007。《中國與美國的經貿關係》。臺北:秀威資訊。
王勇,1998。《最惠國待遇的回合—1989至1997年美國對華貿易政策》。北京:中央編譯出版社。
王緝思等,2001。《冷戰後美國的全球戰略和世界地位》。臺北:生智。
何思因,1994。《美國貿易政治》。臺北:時英出版社。
吳定,2003。《政策管理》。臺北:聯經。
宋新寧、陳岳,2000。《國際政治學概論》。北京:中國人民大學出版社。
宋鎮照,2009。《變動中的中國、台灣與東南亞新三角關係:政治VS.經濟、發展VS.安全、區域化VS.全球化之策略思維》。臺北:海峽學術。
李貴英,2004。《國際投資法專論》。臺北:元照。
周喣,1999。《冷戰後美國的東亞政策(1989-1997)》。臺北:生智文化。
林碧炤,1997。《國際政治與外交政策》。臺北:五南。
俞正樑等著,2009。《全球化時代的國際關係》。上海:復旦大學出版社。
洪謙德,1986。《新馬克思主義和現代社會科學》。臺北:森大圖書。
洪鎌德,2011。《全球化下的國際關係新論》。臺北:揚智文化。
胡元梓、薛曉源主編,2001。《全球化與中國》。臺北:創世文化。
倪世雄,2004。《當代西方國際關係理論》。上海:復旦大學出版社。
唐士其,1998。《美國政府與政治》。臺北:揚智文化。
秦亞青,2008。《理性與國際合作:自由主義與國際關係理論研究》。北京:世界知識出版社。
張亞中主編,2009。《國際關係總論》。臺北:揚智文化。
郭承天,1996。《國際建制與國際組織》。臺北:時英出版社。
陳健民,2007。《兩岸關係中的美國因素》。臺北:秀威資訊。
楊宇光,2000。《經濟全球化中的跨國公司》。上海:上海遠東出版社。
樊勇明,2001。《西方國際政治經濟學》。上海:上海人民出版社。
蔡政文主編,2008。《當今歐盟-中國-台灣關係的演變與未來》。臺北:遠景基金會。
薄燕,2007。《國際談判與國內政治:美國與《京都議定書》談判的實例》上海:上海三聯書店。
顏鵬飛,1996。《激進政治經濟學派》。武漢:武漢出版社。
顧長永、戴萬平、翁俊桔、蕭文軒著,2010。《亞太經貿市場》。臺北:前程文化。
二、 專書論文
裘兆琳,1996。〈一九九四年柯林頓將人權與最惠國待遇脫鉤之決策研究:中共之談判策略分析〉,裘兆琳主編,《中美關係專題研究:1992-1994》。臺北:中央研究院歐美研究所,頁129-166。
裘兆琳,2002。〈柯林頓爭取國會給予中共「永久正常貿易關係」之策略分析 〉,裘兆琳主編,《中美關係專題研究:1998-2000》。臺北:中央研究院歐美研究所,頁37-80。
羅昌發、洪德欽,2002。〈我國加入WTO後與美國經貿關係再檢視〉,裘兆琳主編,《中美關係專題研究:1998-2000》,頁191-218。
三、 譯箸
Alan R. Ball與B. Guy Peters著,陳一新、鄧毓浩、陳景堯譯,2003。《最新現代政治與政府》(Modern Politics and Government)。臺北;韋伯。
Alvin Toffler著,劉江等譯,1991。《權力的轉移》(Powershift)。北京:中共中央黨校出版社。
G. William Domhoff著,呂鵬、聞翔譯,2009。《誰統治美國:權力、政治和社會變遷》(Who rules America: Power, Politics and Social Change, 5th edition)。南京:譯林出版社。
Helen V. Milner著,曲博譯,2010。《利益、制度與信息:國內政治與國際關係》(Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations)。上海:上海人民出版社。
Herbert M. Levine著,王業立、郭應哲、林佳龍譯,1999。《政治學中爭辯的議題》(Political Issues Debated: An Introduction to Politics)。臺北:韋伯文化。
M. Destler著,于少蔚等譯,2006。《美國貿易政治》(American Trade Politics)。北京:中國市場出版社。
Immanuel Wallerstein著,郭方、夏繼果、顧寧譯,1998。《近代世界體系(第三卷):資本主義世界經濟大擴張的第二時期(1730~1840年代)》(The Modern World-System, vol. 3: The Second Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1730-1840’s)。臺北:桂冠。
James E. Dougherty, Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Jr.著,2003。閻學通、陳寒溪等譯,《爭論中的國際關係理論(第五版)》(Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey, 5th Edison)。北京:世界知識出版社)。
Joan Edelman Spero著,楊鈞池等譯,1994。《國際政治經濟學》(The Politics of International Economic Relations)。臺北:五南。
Joseph A. Camilleri與Jim Falk著,李東燕譯,2001。《主權的終結:日趨縮小和碎片化的世界政治》(The End of Sovereignty?: the Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World)。杭州:浙江人民出版社。
Joshua S. Goldstein著,歐信宏、胡祖慶譯,2003。《國際關係》(International Relations, 4th ed.)。臺北:雙葉書廊。
Kenneth N. Waltz著,胡祖慶譯,1989。《國際政治體系理論解析》(Theory of International Politics)。臺北:五南。
Robert Gilpin著,楊光宇等譯,1994。《國際關係的政治經濟分析》(The Political Economy of International Relations)。臺北:桂冠。
Robert Gilpin著,楊宇光、楊炯譯,2004。《全球資本主義的挑戰:21世紀的世界經濟》(The Challenge of Global Capitalism: The World Economy in the 21st Century)。臺北:桂冠。
Robert Gilpin著,楊宇光、楊炯譯,2001。《全球資本主義的挑戰─21世紀的世界經濟》(The challenge of global capitalism : the world economy in the 21st century)。上海:上海人民出版社。
Robert O. Keohane著,門洪華譯,2001。《霸權之後:世界政治經濟中的合作與紛爭》(After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy)。上海:上海人民出版社。
Robert O. Keohane與Joseph S. Nye著,門洪華譯,2012。《權力與相互依賴(第四版)》(Power and Interdependence, 4th edition)。北京:北京大學出版社。
Ronen Palan著,黃東煬、陳立譯,2006。《全球政治經濟學:當代的理論》(Global Political Economy: Contemporary Theories)。臺北:韋伯文化。
Samuel P. Huntington等著,羅榮渠主編,1993。《現代化:理論與歷史經驗的再探討》。上海:上海譯文出版社。
Scott R. Bowman著,李存棒譯,2001。《現代公司與美國的政治思想:法律、權力與意識形態》(The Modern Corporation and American Political Thought: Low, Power, and Ideology)。重慶:重慶出版社。
Susan Strange著,肖宏宇、耿協峰譯,2005。《權力流散:世界經濟中的國家與非國家權威》(The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy)。北京:北京大學出版社)。
Susan Strange著,楊宇光等譯,2012。《國家與市場(第二版)》(States and Markets, Second Edition)。上海:上海人民出版社。
Theotonio Dos Santos著,1999。毛金里等譯,《帝國主義與依附》(Imperialismo y Dependencia)。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
Thomas R. Dye著,孫彩虹譯,2008。《理解公共政策》(Understanding Public Policy, 11th ed.)。北京:北京大學出版社。
Thomas R. Dye著,梅士、王殿宸譯,1985。《誰掌管美國:卡特年代》(Who’s running America? : The Carter years)。北京:世界知識出版社。
Thomas R. Dye著,鞠方安、吳憂譯,2002。《自上而下的政策制定》(Top Down Policymaking)。北京:中國人民大學出版社。
William Nester著,姚遠、汪桓譯,2005。《國際關係─21世紀的政治與經濟》(International Relations: Politics and Economics in the 21st Century)。北京:北京大學出版社。
大前研一著,李宛蓉譯,1996。《民族國家的終結:區域經濟的興起》(The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies)。臺北:立緒文化。
四、 期刊論文
David Dollar等著,蒲宇飛譯,2003。〈中國投資環境的國際比較〉,《經濟社會體制比較(雙月刊)》,第3 期,頁24-34。
于有慧,1993。〈美國三○一條款簡介〉,《美國月刊》,第8 卷第5 期,頁136-144。
余萬里,2011。〈跨國公司公共外交的三大功能〉,《公共外交季刊》,第6 期。
吳白乙,〈後冷戰國際體系變動與中歐關係〉,《歐洲研究》,第5 期,2005 年,頁5-13。
宋學文,2004。,〈從層次分析探討霸權穩定理論:一個國際關係理論演化的研究方法〉,《問題與研究》,第43 卷第2 期,頁171-196。
宋學文,2008。〈層次分析對國際關係研究的重要性及模型建構〉,《問題與研究》,第47 卷第4 期,頁167-199。
李陳國,2011。〈跨國企業對外直接投資與技術移轉之經濟分析〉,《管理科學研究》,第8 卷第1 期,頁19-39。
李聖凱、劉國柱,1997。〈試論戰後美國總統與國會的外交權之爭〉,《齊魯學刊》,第3 期,頁20-25。
李曉崗,2001。〈勞工組織、國內政治與冷戰後美國對外貿易政策〉,《美國研究》,第3 期,頁47-61。
辛本健,2001。〈“安全困境”、均勢理論與冷戰後美國對華政策〉,《現代國際關係》,第9 期,頁24-27
周敦仁,2000。〈美國國內政治和PNTR投票〉,《國際觀察》,第4 期,頁1-4。
林正義,1994。〈現代美國國務卿辭職原因之分析〉,《歐美研究》。第24 卷,第4 期,頁1-38。
林進成、柴忠東,1998。〈試析跨國公司技術研究與開發國際化的主要特徵、形式及其影響〉,《世界經濟研究》,第5 期,頁34-38。
金燦榮,2000。〈PNTR及相關問題〉,《世界經濟與政治》,第11 期,頁66-68。
孫南申,2008。〈國際投資法體系下的跨國公司法律規制〉,《東方法學》,第3 期,頁13-21。
孫哲,2001。〈美國的總統外交與國會外交〉,《復旦學報(社會科學版)》,第4 期,頁50-57。
秦亞青,1998。〈層次分析法與國際關係研究〉,《歐洲》,第3 期年,頁4-10。
秦亞青,2001。〈國際政治的社會建構─溫特及其建構主義國際政治理稐〉,《美歐季刊》,第15 卷第2 期,頁231-263。
郭俊偉,2010。〈站在政治獻金背後「說話」的利益團體—省思美國多元化社會的自由與平等〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,第7 卷第2 期,頁77-123。
郭瓊,2008。〈新世紀中國和東盟關係的新發展〉,《蘭州學刊》,第12 期,頁49-51。
彭煒,2001/9。〈由PNTR的通過看商業利益對美國對外經濟政策的影響〉,《國際經濟評論》,第5 期,頁60-63。
黃西玲,1995。〈美國保護國際著作權之目的與策略〉,《美歐月刊》,第10 卷第6 期,頁4-17。
楊潔勉,2000。〈美國院府的PNTR之爭〉,《國際觀察》,第10 期,頁2-4。
劉守焜,1991/10。〈美國延長中共最惠國待遇之分析〉,《美國月刊》,第6 卷第10 期,頁72-83。
劉博文,1999。〈美國特別三○一條款與智慧財產權保護〉,《智慧財產權》,第9 期,頁14-20。
劉鳴,2002。〈經濟全球化條件下國家與非國家行為體的關係〉,《世界經濟與政治》,第11 期,頁48-53。
蔡瑋,1991/9。〈美國與中共最惠國待遇之爭議〉,《美國月刊》,第6 卷第9 期,頁41-50。
譚顯兵,2008。〈對21世紀中國與東盟關係的思考〉,《湖北職業技術學院學報》,第11 卷第2 期,頁64-67。
五、 學位論文
林千文,2003。《美國與中共永久正常貿易關係的決策分析》。臺北:國立政治大學外交研究所碩士論文。
陳俊男,2003。《大陸地區對電腦軟件保護之研究》。高雄:國立中山大學大陸研究所碩士論文。
葉怡君,2005。《國際體系轉型下中國與歐盟外交關係之發展與磨合》。高雄:國立中山大學大陸研究所博士論文。
葉寧,1995。《條約與行政協定之國會監督—從美國法觀察的比較研究》。臺北:臺灣大學法律研究所碩士論文。
蔡彥宗,2004。《柯林頓政府給予中共「永久正常貿易關係」之政策分析》。臺北:國立臺灣大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
六、 網際網路
〈安然公司破產案震動美國政壇〉,《新華網》,2002 年1 月14 日,<http://big5.qstheory.cn/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2002-01/14/content_237611.htm>.
林秋妙,〈美韓解決汽車議題完成FTA協商〉,《台灣服務業聯盟協會》, <http://www.twcsi.org.tw/trade_detail.php?Iid=361>.
苗迎春,〈美國跨國公司在華直接投資的政治功能〉,《中國經濟時報》,2003 年10 月27 日, <http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/OP-c/429676.htm>.
貳、 英文
一、 專書
Cecil V. Crabb Jr. and Pat M. Holt, 1989. Invitation to Struggle: Congress, the President, and Foreign Policy. Washington: D.C.: CQ Press.
Gary Gereffi and Miguel Korzeniewicz,1994. Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Hans J. Morgenthau, 2006. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Helen Milner, Interests, 1997. Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
James A. Nathan and James K. Oliver, 1986. Foreign Policy Making and the American Political System 2nd ed.. Boston: Little.
Jeffrey S. Lantis, 1997. Domestic Constraints and the Breakdown of International Agreements. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
John M. Stopford, Susan Strange and John S. Henley, 1991. Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for World Market Share. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Karl D. Jackson, 1999. Asian Contagion: The Cause and Consequences of a Financial Crisis. Boulder, Co: Westview.
Kenneth N. Waltz 1959. Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press.
Norman. D. Palmer, 1991. The New Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books.
Ray S. Cline, 1977. World power assessment 1977: a calculus of strategic drift. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Robert Lawrence, 2006. Charan Devereaux and Michael Watkins, Case Studies on U.S. Trade Negotiation: Making the Rules Vol. 1. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economic.
Stephen D. Cohen, 1981. The Making of United States International Economic Policy 2nd ed.. New York: Praeger.
Stephen Kransner, 1985. Structural Conflict: the Third World against Global Liberalism. California: University of California Press.
二、 專書論文
Andrew Moravcsik, 1993. “Introduction: Integrating International and Domestic Theories of International Bargaining,” in Peter B. Evans, Harold K. Jacobson, and Robert D. Putnam ed., Double-edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1-42.
Daniel Egan and David Levy, 2001. “International Environmental Politics and The Internationalization of the State: The Case of Climate Change and the Multilateral Agreement on Investment,” in Dimitris Stevis and Valerie J. Assetto, eds., the International Political Economy of the Environment: Critical Perspective. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher. pp. 63-84.
James Rosenau, 1969. “Toward the Study of Nation-International Linkages,” in James Rosenau ed., Linkage Politics: Essays on the Convergence of National and International Systems. New York: Free Press. pp. 44-66.
Jeffry Frieden and Lisa Martin, 2000 “International Political Economy: Global and Domestic Interactions,” in Ira Katznelson and Helen Milner eds., Political Science: The State of the Discipline. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 118-146.
John S. Odell, “International Threats and Internal Politics: Brazil, the European Community, and the United States, 1985-1987,” in Peter B. Evans, Harold K. Jacobson, and Robert D. Putnam ed., Double-edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. pp. 233-263.
Peter J. Katzenstein, 1978. “Introduction: Domestic and International Forces and Strategies of Foreign Economic Policy,” in Peter J. Katzenstein ed., Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 587-606
三、 期刊論文
Alan S. Alexandroff, 1998/3. “Concluding China’s Accession to the WTO: The United States Congress and Permanent Most-Favored Nation Status for China,” UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, pp. 1-15.
Alexander Wendt, 1992. “Anarchy is What States Makes of It,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 391-425.
Bill Clinton, 1993/7. “Fundamentals of Security for a New Pacific Community,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol. 4, No. 29, pp.507-511.
David Nather, 2000/5. “What’s in the Antipoverty Package,” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, Vol. 58, No. 22, p. 1264.
David S, Mclellan and Charles E. Woodhouse, 1959/3. “Businessmen in Foreign Policy,” Southwest Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, pp. 283-290.
David Shambaugh, 2005/Winter. “China Engages Asia: Reshaping the Regional Order,” International Security, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp.64-99.
Dennis M. Ray, 1972. “Corporations and American Foreign Relations,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 403, pp. 80-92.
James A. Backer, 1991-92/Winter. “America in Asia: Emerging Architecture for a Pacific Community,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 1-17.
Jeff Faux, 2000/5“PNTR with China: Economic and Political Costs Greatly Outweigh Benefits,” Briefing Paper, pp. 1-11.
Jeffrey W. Knopf, 1993/Autumn. “Beyond Two-Level Games: Domestic-International Interaction in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Negotiations,” International Organization, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 599-628.
Joseph Fewsmith, 2000/7. “The Impact of WTO/PNTR on Chinese Politics,” NBR Analysis, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 19-27.
Joseph S. Nye, 1990. “Soft Power”, Foreign policy, No. 80, pp. 153-171.
Joseph S. Nye, 1990. “The Transformation of World Power,” Dialogue, No. 4.
Joseph S. Nye, 1990/Summer. “The Changing Nature of World Power,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 2, p. 177-192.
Joseph S. Nye, Jr. and William A. Owens, 1996. “America's Information Edge”, Foreign policy, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 20-36.
Kenneth N. Waltz, 1993/Fall. “¬The Emerging Structure of International Politics,” International Security, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 44-79.
Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, 2000/7. “The Taiwan Factor in the Vote on PNTR for China and Its WTO Accession,” NBR Analysis, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 5-17.
Nicholas R. Lardy, 2000/5. “Permanent Normal Trade Relations for China,” Policy Brief, No. 58, pp. 1-8.
Peter Gourevitchr, 1978/Autumn. “The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 881-912.
Qingshan Tan, 1990. “The Politics of U.S. Most-Favored-Nation Treatment to China: The Case of 1979 and 1990,” Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, Vol. IX, No. 1, pp. 41-59..
Raymond Vernon, 1981/Summer. “Sovereignty at Bay Ten Years after,” International Organization, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 517-529..
Raymond Vernon, 1996/5. “International Investment and International Trade in Product Cycle,” Quarterly Journal Economics, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 190-207.
Robert G. Sutter, 1994. “China’s Changing Conditions,” Congressional Research Service Report, pp. 93-114.
Robert. D. Putnam, 1988/Summer. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: the Logic of Two Level Games,” International Organization, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 427-460.
Sarah Anderson and Kristyne Peter, 1995/9. “NAFTA’s Corporate Con Artists,” CovertAction Quarterly, No. 54, pp. 65-69.
Susan Strange, 1992/1. “States, Firms and Diplomacy”, International Affairs, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Yangmin Wang, 1993/5. “The Politics of U.S.-China Economic Relations,” Asian Survey, Vol. XXXIII, No. 5, pp. 441-462.
四、 網際網路
1997/2/2. “U.S. and China Reach Four-Year Textile Trade Agreement--U.S. Gains Market Access in China and Targets Areas of Transshipment Violations for Cutbacks,” Office of the United States Trade Representative, 97-07, <http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/assets/storage/Research-Digital-Library/clinton-admin-history-project/101-111/Box-101/1756308-history-ustr-press-releases-january-march-1997.pdf>.
2000/05/15. “Deputy Assistant Secretary Shirk on WTO, China and Taiwan,” Washington File, <http://wfile.ait.org.tw/wf-archive/2000/000515/epf108.htm>.
2000/3/9. “China WTO/PNTR: Raising Wages Improving Chinese Labor Standard and Safeguarding U.S. Workers,” <http://lobby.la.psu.edu/040_PNTR/Organizational_Statements/US-China/Raising.htm>.
David Dollar, Anqing Shi, Shuilin Wang, Lixin Colin Xu, 2003/12. Improving city competitiveness through the investment climate: ranking 23 Chinese cities. Washington, DC: World Bank. p. 19, <http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/11/08/000090341_20041108102516/Rendered/PDF/302470CHA0City0competitiveness.pdf>.
Eric Schmitt and Joseph Kahl, 2000/5/24. “The House Begins a Spirited Debate Over Vote on China Trade Bill,” New York Times, <http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/052400china-trade.html>.
IMF, 1997/5. “World Economic Outlook: A Survey by the Staff of the International Monetary Fund,” p. 45, <https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/weomay/chapter3.pdf>.
James Burke, “U.S. Investment in China Worsens Trade Deficit: U.S. Firms Build Export-Oriented Production Base in China’s Low-Wage,” Low Labor-Protection Economy, <http://www.epi.org/publication/briefingpapers_fdi_fdi/>.
Lester R. Brown, 2000/7/25. “The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition,” Plan B Updates, <http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2000/alert6 >.
Matthew Vita and Juliet Eilperin, 2000/5/24. “China Trade Bill Gains Supporters; 10 Democrats, 4 Republicans Declare on Eve of House Vote,” the Washington Post, <https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-528530.html>.
Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch, 2000/10. Purchasing Power: The Corporate-White House Alliance to Pass the China Trade Bill Over the Will of the Will of the American People, <https://www.citizen.org/documents/purchasingpower.PDF>.
Ron Haris, Sharon Snyder and Kelly Huff, 1999/4/28. “FEC Report on Congressional Fundraising for 1997-98,” Washington, D.C.: Federal Election Commission, <http://www.fec.gov/press/canye98.htm>.
The U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000/5. “Accession of China to the WTO,” <https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-106hhrg67832/html/CHRG-106hhrg67832.htm>.
U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2001/2/23. “Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2000: China,” <http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eap/684.htm>.
UNTCAD, 2001/9/17. “World Investment Report 2001 (Overview): Promoting Linages,” p. 13, <http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir01ove.en.pdf>.
UNTCAD, 2002/9/16. “World Investment Report 2002 (Overview): Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness,” p. 1, <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/wir2002overview_en.pdf>.
UNTCAD, 2009/9/16. “World Investment Report 2009 (Overview): Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development,” p. 11, <http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2009_en.pdf>.
White House, 2000/3/8. “The U.S.-China WTO Accession Deal: A Strong Deal in the Best Interests of America,” Office of the Press Secretary, <http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/New/html/20000308_1.html>.
White House, 2000/5/12. “Labor Aspects of PNTR: Benefits for American Workers and Farmers,” <http://clinton5.nara.gov/textonly/WH/New/html/20000531_3.htm>.
William J. Clinton, 2000/5/8 “Message of to the Congress Transmitting Proposed Legislation on Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China," Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, pp. 409. <https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PPP-2000-book1/pdf/PPP-2000-book1-doc-pg409.pdf>.
World Bank, 2004/1/1. “World Development Report 2005 (Overview): A Better Investment Climate for Everyone,” <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/5987/9780821356821_overview.pdf?sequence=41>.
World Information Technology & Service Alliance, 2000/11. “Digital planet 2000: The global information economy”, p. 2, <http://www.witsa.org/DP2000sum.pdf>.
WTO, Understanding the WTO: What we stand for, <https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/what_stand_for_e.htm >.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.14.83.223
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 3.14.83.223
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 永不公開 not available

QR Code