本論文提出一以等效電流注入(ECI) 為基礎的直接求解的演算法推算分散式配電系統之電力潮流。此演算法主要系建立BI 及ZV-BC 兩種主要矩陣，用以求解電力潮流。此二矩陣依分散網路的拓樸特性所建立。BI 為由匯流排注入電流與支路電流的關係矩陣，而ZV-BC 為敘述匯流
排電壓變化差量以及支路電流的關係。前述兩個矩陣的演算法能輕易的程式化，並且能以簡單的搜尋技巧來完成。文中亦根據分散式系統的相連結構來分類四種情況的分散式系統拓撲特徵的節點延伸模式，可透過修正原分散式電力潮流的兩個關係矩陣直接求解，而不必重新
建置新矩陣。另外，本文亦提出不平衡分散式配電系統的故障分析，直接以混合補償分支電流及疊代之方式進行非對稱與接地故障電流計算。應用不平衡三相模型來分析非對稱故障，配合所提出之混合型補償的方法，包含兩組分散式配電網路形狀結構特性資訊的矩陣BI 及ZV-BC，並針對不平衡分散式配電系統的數種特定非對稱故障，透過取得到適當的邊界條件來解決各式各樣不同型式的單一或同時發生的非對稱故障之故障電流。本文提出的演算法不需如LU 分解法、亞可比矩陣或Y 導納矩陣的耗時計算。測試結果證明本文所提出的方法是有效率的，容易程式化直接且具快速求解兼具強韌與精確的優點。本文亦介紹與探討智慧型電網電力系統模型建立之相關應用，提出混合規劃的演算法用來解決配電網路重新配置開關的最佳組態應用，能即時機動地整合調度微電網結合各種再生能源包括太陽能和風能等再生能源發電系統所組成的區域型分散式發電及供電架構，以作為智慧型電網達到最佳節能管理的應用。

A direct and rigid algorithm approach based on Equivalent Current Injection (ECI) for large-scale distribution power flow analysis is proposed in this dissertation. This algorithm used two primary matrices: BI and ZV-BC. Two matrices, which are built from the topological characteristics of distribution networks, are used to achieve the power flow solutions. BI matrix is the bus injection to branch current matrix and the ZV-BC matrix describes the relationship between the bus voltage mismatches and the branch current. The building algorithm is easily programmable and can be accomplished by a simple search technique with the two proposed matrices. Four connected cases are considered in this dissertation. The proposed algorithm is robust and accurate. Test results demonstrate the potential and validity of the proposed algorithm in distribution applications. Secondly, this thesis also presents a fault analysis with hybrid compensation for unbalanced distribution systems is proposed. The method employs the unbalanced three-phase model to analyze faults. BI and ZV-BC matrices containing information of the topological characteristics of distribution networks were built along with the proposed hybrid compensation method for analysis. Appropriate boundary conditions can be obtained for a fault to solve various types of single or simultaneous faults. The time-consuming LU decompositions, the Jacobian matrix, or the Y admittance matrix, required in the traditional algorithms, are not needed in the new development. Test results show that the proposed method is efficient, easy to program, also with advantages of high speed, robustness, improved accuracy, and lower memory requirements. This thesis also presents a hybrid programming (HP) technique to solve the reconfiguration problem for loss reduction and service restoration in Smart Grid application.

目 錄
中文摘要................………................………................…... I
英文摘要................………................………................…... II
目錄................………................………................………. III
圖目錄................………................………................…… VII
表目錄................………................………................…… IX
名詞縮寫與符號表………................….........………… X
第一章 緒論................………................………............. 1
1-1 研究背景與動機................……...................……. 1
1-2 論文貢獻................………................………......... 5
1-3 論文內容架構................…………………..…….. 7
第二章 電力潮流模型分析介紹........................... 11
2-1 等效電流注入為基礎之電力潮流模型........... 11
2-1-1 不平衡三相阻抗網路模型推導.……………… 12
2-2 匯流排之電力潮流模型..................................... 14
2-2-1 負載匯流排模型(PQ Bus ).........................…… 14
2-2-2 電壓控制匯流排(PV Bus ).............…………… 16
2-3 分散式配電系統電力潮流模型........................ 18
2-4 本章結論................………................………......... 19
第三章 分散式電力潮流直接求解演算法...... 21
3-1 Z 阻抗矩陣演算法......……................……….. 22
3-2 ECI 直接求解演算法.....................…….......... 22
3-2-1 BI 與ZV-BC 矩陣................…………….……… 23
3-3 分散式網路矩陣修正............………............. 27
3-4 本章結論................………................………......... 39
第四章 智慧型電網模型與節能演算法.............. 40
4-1 微電網相關能源模型....................................... 41
4-1-1 太陽能系統單二極體模型.…………….……… 41
4-1-2 風機系統模型.................................…............... 44
4-1-3 最大功率追蹤器模型................……................ 46
4-2 線損分析最佳節能演算法.….......................... 48
4-2-1 微電網分散式配電網路....…………….……… 48
4-2-2 微電網主匯流排的電力潮流....………............. 52
4-2-3 混合規劃演算法....………..............…............... 55
4-3 本章結論................………................………......... 60
第五章 非對稱故障分析策略................................ 61
5-1 不平衡分散式配電系統..……...................…… 63
5-2 配電系統接地故障分析.........……................… 65
5-2-1 單線對地故障(Single line-to-ground fault)....... 65
5-2-2 雙線對地故障(Double Line-to- ground fault)…. 67
5-2-3 三相對地故障(Three-phase-to-ground fault)…. 69
5-3 配電系統線間故障分析.........……................… 71
5-3-1 線對線故障(Line-to-line fault)…...................... 71
5-3-2 斷路故障(Open-conductor fault)....................... 73
5-4 分散式發電機................…...…................……….. 76
5-5 本章結論................………..............………........... 78
第六章 系統模擬及結果分析................…………. 80
6-1 前言........................………................………........... 80
6-2 ECI 直接求解演算法整合測試..…….…....... 81
6-2-1 精確度比較.......................................…...…...... 81
6-2-2 性能測試………………...............………......... 83
6-2-3 強健性測試……………...........……………...... 84
6-2-4 記憶空間需求.........………………………........ 86
6-3 不平衡配電系統之非對稱故障分析.…........... 87
6-3-1 單一故障(Single fault)………..……….…........ 87
6-3-2 多重故障 (Multiple faults)…..………...…...... 88
6-3-3 不平衡配電系統網路之故障分析……..…...... 88
6-3-4 故障分析整合測試……..…………………....... 93
6-4 混合規劃演算法模擬分析.…............................. 97
6-4-1 收斂測試………..……….…………………....... 97
6-4-2 負載測試…..……….................................…...... 98
6-4-3 故障測試……..……………………………....... 98
6-5 本章結論................………..............………........... 100
第七章 結論及未來研究方向............………......... 102
7-1 結論............………................…............………....... 102
7-2 未來研究方向............………..............….............. 103
參考文獻............………................…............………....... 106

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