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論文名稱 Title |
北高雄紅樹林棲地與衝擊管理研究 Study on Habitat and Impacts Management of the Mangroves in Northern Kaohsiung |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
111 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2013-12-14 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2013-12-26 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
生育地、紅樹林、衝擊、水產養殖、冷卻水 cooling-water, impact, aquaculture, mangrove, habitat |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5673 次,被下載 627 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5673 times, has been downloaded 627 times. |
中文摘要 |
摘要 紅樹林具有重要的生態功能與環境保護功能,而海岸地區土地利用型態的轉變與紅樹林的生態變遷有著緊密的關聯。因此,在進行海岸地區開發時,需特別注意是否會造成紅樹林生態的衝擊。高雄海岸地區是台灣最重要的水產養殖區。存在其間的紅樹林已與養殖池成為一特殊的人文景觀與生態。本研究以北高雄地區的紅樹林與養殖產業的關係作為個案研究,藉文件分析、輔助式問卷調查、深入訪談及直接觀察等質性研究調查方式,分析紅樹林的生長現況以及從過去到現在的生育地變化,並找出衝擊來源,以了解當地紅樹林生育地變遷的原因,並評估衝擊源與發展的趨勢。 經調查分析後,日治時期的北高雄紅樹林在經過海岸地區的填土及養殖利用後,紅樹林潛在生育地的分佈由原本潟湖邊及土堤岸旁轉為大排、公溝、塭岸、鹽田濕地及旱地等五大類生育地。分佈面積由較小而連貫,改為較大而破碎的情況。近30年來的養殖方式改變以及近年來的冷卻水引用工程,更使得塭岸紅樹林的生育地遭受更多衝擊。甚至,塭岸紅樹林有無法在原生育地再次生長的情況。最後,本研究將北高雄紅樹林的衝擊來源分為水及非水兩大類因子,並探討這些衝擊來源未來的演變趨勢,可作為政策制定與管理的建議。 關鍵字: 紅樹林、生育地、衝擊、水產養殖、冷卻水 |
Abstract |
Abstract Mangroves plays important roles on sustaining ecological systems and providing environmental protection from human societies. Various land-use changes in coastal areas are related to the changes of the mangrove ecosystem. To monitor the impacts from the changes. Northern Kaohsiung is one of the most important aquaculture areas. For a long time over sixty years development on the aquaculture, the mangroves and aquaculture have existed as a special cultural and ecological landscape. Using a case study approach with questionnaires, in-depth interviews, direct observation to investigate the status of mangrove growth and the mangrove habitat change historically in the study. We also analysed the sources of impacts to understand the causes of local mangrove diminishing, and assessing which impact will continue to increase. The results have revealed that after filling and exploitation the coastal areas, the distribution of the Northern Kaohsiung mangroves has changed after Japanese-occupied period. The potential mangrove habitat changed from lagoon shore and claybank into five habitats categories, i.e., a big gutter, common ditch, pond ditch, salt pan wetland and unirrigated farmland. The habitat size changed from small and coherent into large and broken. The aquaculture methods changed over the last 30 years and the cooling-water from natural gas processing factories has been applied on the aquaculture recently, which have caused the mangroves in pond ditch habitat unresisting. At last, this study will divided the sources of impacts into two categories: water sources and non-water sources, then discussed trends of changes of impacts. Keywords: mangrove, habitat, impact, aquaculture, cooling-water |
目次 Table of Contents |
目錄 國立中山大學研究生學位論文審定書 i 謝誌 ii 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目錄 v 表目次 vii 圖目次 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 章節介紹 4 第二章 北高雄地區養殖產業與紅樹林的關係 5 2.1 北高雄的紅樹林 5 2.2 紅樹林生態所受之衝擊 17 2.3 養殖產業對紅樹林的影響 19 2.3.1 全球養殖業的擴張對紅樹林造成的威脅 20 2.3.2 北高雄養殖產業的變遷 22 2.4 紅樹林的保育 24 2.4.1 台灣過去的紅樹林保育策略 25 2.4.2 紅樹林的復育 27 2.5 小結 30 第三章 研究方法與材料 32 3.1 質性研究 32 3.2 研究流程與方法 40 3.3 地理範圍 44 第四章 北高雄地區紅樹林的生長與衝擊 48 4.1 高雄市海岸紅樹林潛在生育地的變遷 48 4.2 北高雄紅樹林現況 52 4.3 北高雄紅樹林的衝擊來源 59 4.3.1 來自非水因子的衝擊 59 4.3.2 來自水因子的衝擊 65 4.4 養殖戶對紅樹林的觀感 68 第五章 北高雄養殖方式變化對紅樹林的影響 73 5.1 永安區養殖之冷卻水的使用 73 5.2 養殖趨勢與紅樹林的衝擊 77 第六章 結論與討論 80 6.1 主要結論 80 6.2 討論 82 6.2.1 未來可研究之重要問題 82 6.2.2 未來應優先解決之問題 83 6.3 政府可參考執行的建議 83 參考文獻 85 附錄一 問卷 A-1 |
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