本研究主要利用生物濾床處理養殖廢水，並探討水體營養鹽在通過濾床時所產生的轉變，此外同時觀察實驗過程中養殖水體因子的變化，分析水體中各因子的關係與交互作用。本研究發現水力停留時間的設定影響生物濾床成效甚鉅，因此針對水力停留時間設計試驗，觀察整體處理效果，找出較符合實際需求的操作設定，並將試驗結果歸納與統整後推算出實際應用時所需之生物濾床規模與成本，供後續研究、實務上之參考。
本研究中顯示投入飼料會使水體中的總氮不斷增加，氮經由生物降解後，經藻類吸收、同化後部分會以有機物(藻類)的形式存在，其中養殖廢水中有機氮與無機氮的比例約為4:1。本研究設計之生物濾床經測試後，發現在溶氧較高的環境下仍有脫硝作用的發生，也確定可有效削減硝酸鹽。本研究經推算後可知以零換水的目標下，設定水力停留時間在八小時下能移除水體系統中35.5%的總氮，生物濾床體積約占整體水體體積5%，每日可處理水體總體積之20%。此外本研究之生物濾床能有效行礦化作用分解有機氮，若能在後續單元加入曝氣、好氧單元，更能有效改善養殖水體。

The study mainly concentrates on dealing with fish farming wastewater through biofilter system and discusses the transformation when nutrients pass the biofilter system. Meanwhile, the interaction was analyzed and the variation of factors were observed during experiments. The study discovers the time interval of hydraulic retension time influences biofilter system result a lot. Hence, the tests was designed based on the time interval of hydraulic retension time and observe general results for finding which meets operation setting of the practical demand. Furthermore, the results are collected and summarized to calculate the scales and costs of biofilter system when used in practical application, and also be the references of research and practical use afterwards.
In the study it discovers the total of nitrogen keep raising if the feed is put into water,and also discovers it will exists as organic substance, which means algae, after degradation and absorption. The experiment results show the proportion of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is four to one. The biofilter system designed in the study discovers denitration still happens under high-dissolving oxygen condition and determines the elimination of nitrate effectively. After calculation implemented in this study, 35.5 % of the total nitrogen amount were removed from the water system if the time interval was under 8 hours. Without changing the water, biofilter system can treat 20 % of the general water volume per day, and it’s volume covers 5 % of total water amount.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究流程 4
第二章、文獻回顧 5
2.1 養殖水體特性 5
2.1.1 水溫(Water Temperture, ℃) 5
2.1.2 水中溶氧(Dissolved Oxygen , DO) 5
2.1.3 鹽度(Salinity) 6
2.1.4 懸浮固體物(Suspended Solids , SS) 6
2.1.5 酸鹼值 7
2.1.6 磷酸鹽(Phosphate, P) 8
2.1.7 有機氮(Organic Nitrogen, Org-N) 8
2.1.8 氨氮(Total of Ammonia Nitrogen , TAN) 9
2.1.9 亞硝酸鹽(Nitrite , NO2-) 9
2.1.10 硝酸鹽(Nitrate , NO3-) 10
2.1.11 葉綠素甲(Chlorophyll a , Chl-a) 10
2.2 生物處理 11
2.2.1 生物處理原理 11
2.2.2 懸浮式處理方式 13
2.2.3 附著式處理方式 16
2.3 生物濾床機制 19
2.3.1 污染物的種類與去除機制 19
2.3.2 養殖水體之氮循環 20
2.3.3 氮轉換機制 21
2.4 生物濾床參數 23
2.4.1 體積流量 23
2.4.2 水力停留時間 23
2.4.3 有機負荷 24
2.4.4 氮負荷 24
2.4.5 水力負荷 25
2.4.6 濾材 25
第三章、研究方法 27
3.1 水質檢測方法 27
3.2 率定實驗 28
3.2.1 率定實驗流程 28
3.2.2 率定實驗槽體細節設定 28
3.2.3 率定實驗操作參數設定 29
3.3 模槽實驗 31
3.3.1 模槽實驗流程 31
3.3.2 模槽實驗槽體細節設定 32
3.3.3 模槽實驗操作參數設定 34
3.3.4 統計分析 35
第四章、結果與討論 36
4 .1 魚塭水體性質 36
4.1.1 率定實驗 36
4.1.2 模槽實驗 42
4.2 魚塭水體因子相關性 48
4.3 生物濾床處理成果 50
4.3.1 率定實驗 50
4.3.2 模槽實驗 54
4.4 生物濾床水體因子相關性 80
4.5 氮通量計算 84
4.6 結果分析 86
第五章、實際應用 87
5.1 水體污染源 87
5.2 污染量計算 88
5.2.1 文獻案例一:美國維吉尼亞州 88
5.2.2 文獻案例二:以色列 89
5.2.3 文獻案例三:沙烏地阿拉伯 89
5.3 實際案例 90
5.3.1魚塭背景資料 90
5.3.2 魚塭污染量計算 90
5.3.3 生物濾床處理量計算與尺度 91
第六章、 結論與建議 93
6.1 結論 93
6.2 建議 94
參考文獻 95
附錄 101

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