分析層次是國際關係學科建立普遍性實證理論相當重要的研究模型，具有客觀中立和系統性價值的科學意義，並教導我們使用這個分析模型去套在我們所欲了解的國際問題或國際現象上來進行描述、解釋甚至預測。但本文的目的是試圖對此提出一個反思的觀點，認為當分析層次的科學方法被引介至國際關係研究，其結果是確立了一個將想像概念永久具現的空間化模型。換句話說，當分析層次將國際體系與國家視為先驗給定的基礎分析單元時，正是以科學化的手段物化了原本抽象的歷史共同體概念。且主流國際關係理論在選定國際體系與國家成為客觀普遍的分析單元時，其建構過程即是政治性的，包括透過主權原則與領土疆域的固定結合、國家利益的外部理性計算、現代化的進步史觀與國家發展演進等，不僅鞏固了兩者之間在「空間」與「時間」上互為建構的實證基礎，甚至先行預設了國際體系內強權政治的知識立場。由此，本文進一步地以九一一事件與反恐戰爭為研究案例，去探討以分析層次來界定問題時，何以將使得反恐戰爭必然成為美國用以回應九一一事件的唯一方式，但卻無法解釋恐怖攻擊發生的原因，更無法解決恐怖主義的問題。而本文也在多方觀點的審視當中，去反思國際關係分析層次模型套用的結果，除了將使我們誤以將強權主導的現代國家體系視為普遍客觀的單一世界觀之外，其實卻是限縮了我們去瞭解這個世界完整而多元差異的真實面向。

Since the mode of level-of-analysis has to be treated as an empirical tool for IR theories to make a claim to become a social science in its own right, this study attempts to explore the political process of a mutual construction of the international system and the nation states within the model in three parts. Firstly, this study examines how the international system and the national states be settled upon as pregiven scientific entities on the basis of objective spatiality of territory and borders. Secondly, this study shows that in order to merge all states’ diversities and differences into the sameness and likeness, the mutual construction is linked to the plausible assumptions about the structural world of universal rationality among all states, and the unfolding history of linear and progressive evolution. Finally, this study takes the September 11 and the war on terrorism as an example to illustrate the mutual construction and its consequences.

第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機1
第二節 研究目的6
第三節 研究方法、限制與範圍12
第四節 章節架構與安排12

第二章 分析層次之科學意義與政治後果15
第一節 分析層次之科學概念與實證基礎15
第二節 以同質性空間為基礎的時間進程20
第三節 確立國際關係學科定位的分析層次22

第三章 分析層次內之國際體系與國家27
第一節 建立主權國家體系的空間化模型27
第二節 現代國家與國際體系的時間進程39
第三節 層次思維的檢討與反思47

第四章 九一一事件與反恐戰爭之詮釋51
第一節 美國官方的描述、回應與作為52
第二節 恐怖主義當事者的觀點75
第三節 國際關係理論學界的觀點84
第四節 國際關係學界以外的觀點101
第五節 小結106

第五章 研判九一一事件後之國際體系與國家111
第一節 「一超多強」的國際體系不變111
第二節 國際體系中的「失敗國家」115

第六章 結論119
第一節 研究發現119
第二節 期許與省思123

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