近年來由於無線通訊系統的發展，人們得到了更便利並且高品質的通訊生活。而且可以讓人們享受如此方便的生活，最具代表性的產品莫過於手機。手機的普及性，從早期到現在的演進，可以說是人手一機了。而且不只是大人，現在甚至於國中、國小的學生也會攜帶手機上學，由此可知社會對手機的依賴。但是在享受科技便利的同時，最重要也是最令人關心的就是電磁波對人體健康的影響。除了手機天線出廠前所測定的SAR，也應該觀察日常生活中其他所有可能影響SAR值的物品，以確保更健康的使用手機。
　　本論文主要是利用電磁模擬軟體SEMCAD分析對於在人體頭部以上可能會影響SAR值的金屬飾品。論文中的三項主題討論了對於穿戴眼鏡、耳環、戒指這三項物品會影響人體頭部的SAR值分析。分析這些金屬物品在手機不同相對位置，對於所產生不同的SAR值將以說明，提供有穿戴眼鏡與耳環的使用者在使用手機時所應該避免的姿勢。對於戒指而言，利用戒指的外型與擺放位置，提出了可以直接有效降低人體頭部SAR值情況，藉此降低手機電磁波所造成的傷害，更加確保使用安全。

In recent years, the rapid development of wireless communications has resulted in much better quality of life due to easiness and multitudes in communications. The most representative products are the mobile phones. The product is so popular that in developed countries nearly everyone owns a mobile phone; that applies not only to adults, but also young students. In view of this wide spreading phenomenon, the mobile phone industry has inescapable health related responsibilities for its users, especially for the younger ones. While enjoying the great convenience of the product, the users are advised to understand the possible health related effects caused by electromagnetic radiation. One of the very important considerations is Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), in which absorption of electromagnetic energy by a medium (for example, a human head) is measured. Before a mobile phone is brought into the market, it is important to understand how the SAR values can be affected by the metallic accessories around the human head.
This thesis uses software package, SEMCAD, to analyze the metallic accessories on the human head which might influence the SAR value. We would discuss in this thesis three object, eyeglasses, earrings and rings which could affect the maximum SAR value in the human head. For eyeglasses and earring, we would suggest why these metallic accessories at different position could cause different SAR value to suggest people which gesture should be avoided while using the cell phone. For ring, this thesis would use the shape of the ring and place it at special position to decrease the maximum SAR value in the human head to reduce the possible harm from the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone and ensure the safety while using a cell phone.

目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
圖表索引……………………………………………………………………………………..IV
第一章 序論…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機與目的..……..…………………………………………………………….1
1.2 論文大綱..……………..…………………………………………………………….3
第二章 研究方法與特定吸收率介紹………………………………………………………4
2.1 FDTD基礎理論與介紹...………...………………………………………………….4
2.1.1 FDTD公式推導...…..………………………………………………………….4
2.1.2 Courant穩定準則...…………………………………………………………….7
2.2 特定吸收率介紹...…………………………………………………………………..8
2.2.1 模擬人頭模型介紹……………………………………………………………8
2.2.2模擬所使用天線介紹………………..………………………………………...9
第三章 金屬眼鏡鏡框對於使用手機造成的SAR值影響………………………………..12
3.1 模擬戴眼鏡使用手機的情況…..…………………………………………….........12
3.1.1 簡介…………………………………………………………………………..12
3.1.2 模擬眼鏡模型………………………………………………………………..12
3.1.3 全框眼鏡與半框眼鏡比較…………………………………………………..14
3.2 搭配眼鏡與人頭模型的角度模擬情形…..………..……………………………...15
3.2.1 起始模擬情況………...………………………..…………………………….15
3.2.2 模擬結果……………………………………..………………………………16
3.3 搭配眼鏡與人頭模型的位移模擬情形…………………………………………...17
3.3.1 模擬情況設定……………………..………………………………………...17
3.3.2 模擬結果…..................……………………………………………………...18
3.4 金屬鏡框影響最大角度模擬……………………………………………………...19
3.4.1 天線位置模擬情況設定……………………………………………………..19
3.4.2 模擬結果……………………………………………………………………..20
3.5 金屬鏡框結果結論與分析……………………………………………………...…21
3.5.1 天線與金屬鏡框的夾角分析………………………………………………..21
3.5.2 天線與金屬鏡框各水平相對位置分析……………………………………..22
3.5.3 結論…………………………………………………………………………..24
第四章 金屬耳環對於使用手機造成的SAR值影響……………………………………..26
4.1 金屬耳環模擬背景………………………………………………...........................26
4.1.1 簡介…………………………………………………………………………..26
4.1.2 模擬耳環模型………………………………………………………………..26
4.2 不同大小金屬耳環對人體頭部SAR值的影響…………………………………...27
4.2.1 起始的耳環模擬情況………………………………………………………..27
4.2.2 不同大小的金屬耳環模擬結果……………………………………………..29
4.3 不同位置金屬耳環對人體頭部SAR值的影響…………………………………..30
4.3.1 不同位置耳環模擬情況設定……………………………………..…………30
4.3.2 不同位置耳環模擬結果……………………………………………………..31
4.4 耳環模擬結果分析……………………………………………………...…………33
4.4.1 金屬耳環上的電流分布……………………………………………………..33
4.4.2 金屬耳環四周的能量分布概況……………………………………………..34
4.4.3 金屬耳環SAR值模擬結論………………………………………………….38
第五章 金屬戒指對於使用手機造成的SAR值影響….………………………………….39
5.1 模擬戴戒指使用手機的情況……………………………...………………………39
5.1.1 簡介…………………………………………………………………………..39
5.1.2 模擬戒指模型………………………………………………………………..39
5.2 搭配戒指與手機天線的相對位置模擬情形……………………………………...40
5.2.1 起始的模擬情況……………………………………………………………40
5.2.2 模擬結果……………...…………………………………………………….42
5.3 模擬戴戒指使用手機的情況……………………………………………………...43
5.3.1 起始的模擬情況……………………………………………………………43
5.3.2 不同尺寸的戒指造成的SAR值模擬結果………………………….……..44
5.4 金屬戒指結果討論與分析……………………………………………………….. 45
5.4.1 不同金屬尺寸戒指上對於SAR值的影響……………………….………..45
5.4.2 金屬戒指的距離對於SAR值的影響……………………………………...48
5.4.3 金屬戒指SAR值模擬結論……………………………………………...…51
第六章 結論………………………………………………………………………………..52
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………..53

[1] http://web2.yzu.edu.tw/top_unv/epapers/No004/08.html
[2] American National Standard-Safety Levels with Respect to Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3KHz to 300GHz, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992.
[3] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, “ICNIRP statement-Health issues related to the use of hand-held radiotelephones and base
transmitters,” Health Physics. Vol.70, no.4, pp.587-593, April 1996.
[4] “Radio-radiation protection guidelines for human exposure to electromagnetic fields,” Telecommun. Technol. Council Ministry Posts Telecommun.,
Deliberation Rep.89, Tokyo, Japan, 1997.
[5] IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Std C95.1TM-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std C95.1-1991)
[6] ICNIRP, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz),” International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Heath Physics, vol. 74, pp.492-522, April 1998.
[7] K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equation in isotropic media,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.14, No.3 pp.300-307, May 1966.
[8] D.M. Sheen, S. M. Ali, M.D. Abouzahra , and J.A. Kong, “Application of the three-dimensional finite- difference time-domain method to the analysis of planar microstrip circuits,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques., vol.38,pp.849-857, July. 1990.
[9] A. Talove, Computational Electrodynamics The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 1995.
[10] http://www.semcad.com,SEMCAD(SPEAG)
[11] Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, SEMCAD X Tutorial, May 2009
[12] Marie Fransson, “SAR simulation with SEMCAD, a new FDTD software package for computational electrodynamics,” In co-operation with Moteco AB, November 2001.
[13] Josip Dražić-Šegrt, Damir Zrno and Dina Šimunić, “SAR simulation of a mobile phone in a Hand-Held Position,” Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, 2007. SoftCOM 2007. 15th International Conference on
[14] N. K. Kouveliotis, S. C. Panagiotou, P. K. Varlamos, T. D. Dimousios and C. N. Capsalis,“ Optimizing a PIFA using a Genetic Algorithms approach.” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, 453–461, 2008
[15] http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/1/2/10/n45588.htm
[16] 陳裕棋”Effect of Signals from Mobiles Communication Base Station and Handset on the SAR Distribution in the Human Head.”國立中山大學電機工程
學系碩士論文, July 2004.
[17] 台灣安捷倫科技股份有限公司”EMC 實務設計與除錯養成班訓練手冊” October 2010.
[18] William G. Whittow, Chinthana J. Panagamuwa, Robert M. Edwards, IEEE, and John (Yiannis) C. Vardaxoglou, “ The Energy Absorbed in the Human Head Due to Ring-Type Jewelry and Face-Illuminating Mobile Phones Using a Dipole and a Realistic Source,” Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on
[19] N. A. Samsuri, J. A. Flint,“A Study on The Effect of a metallic ring worn on human fingers using a simple scannable block hand phantom.” 17-18 March 2008, Loughborough, UK, 2008 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference.