持久性有機污染物（POPs）具有遠距離的傳播、持久性、生物累積性及慢性毒性的特性，引起人們的注意。因為它們具疏水性，在海洋環境中易吸附於懸浮顆粒上，由水表中沈降至底泥，並可能經由食物鏈傳遞造成生物累積和生物放大效應，對環境生態及人類健康有潛在的危害。本研究主要探討持久性有機污染物在小琉球附近海域底棲性魚類魚體不同部位的肌肉及內臟之含量及組成。本研究分析10種底棲魚類，利用加速溶劑萃取儀（ASE）萃取，經氧化鋁純化後，以氣相層析質譜儀（GC/MS）測定15種多環芳香烴（PAHs），再經由矽酸鎂純化後以氣相層析/電子捕捉偵測器（GC/ECD）測定多氯聯苯（PCBs）及18種有機氯農藥（OCPs）。分析結果顯示，10種魚體內多環芳香烴總濃度範圍介於15∼195 ng/g dw，累積在不同部位的多環芳香烴都以低環數（3環）所佔的比例較高；多氯聯苯的濃度範圍為16∼237 ng/g dw，在肌肉中多氯聯苯的含量主要以低氯數（1∼4氯）為主，而在內臟及卵中則含較多的高氯數（6氯及7氯）多氯聯苯；有機氯農藥的濃度範圍為13∼127 ng/g dw，在蟲必死（hexachlorocyclohexane, HCH）系列中以靈丹（Lindane, γ-HCH）所佔比例較高，顯示近年來仍有靈丹持續在使用。在魚體內多環芳香烴、多氯聯苯與有機氯農藥濃度的累積以及代謝情況，隨著魚種不同及個體中不同組織（肌肉、內臟、卵）而有很大差異。

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted the attention of scientists because they have the following characteristics: long-distance transmission, persistence, bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity. Due to their high hydrophobicity, POPs are easily absorbed by the suspended particles in the marine environment. The suspended particles then settle into the soil may pass through the food chain, resulting in bioaccumulation and biomagnifications and causing potentially hazardous effects on the environment and human health. This study focuses on the analysis of the persistent organic pollutants in different parts of 10 kinds of benthic fishes, including the muscle and visceral mass, adjacent to Hsiao-Liu-Chiu. The samples were analyzed using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and alumina column purification. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by using gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer (GC/MS). After florisil column purification, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined by using gas chromatograph / electron-capture detector (GC/ECD). The results showed that the concentration of PAHs range from 15 to 195 ng/g dw, with low ringed (3 rings) PAHs at a higher proportion. Total PCB concentrations range from 16 to 237 ng/g dw. The content of PCBs in muscles mainly consists of low chlorine numbers (1 to 4 chloride) -based, and in visceral and eggs the chlorine number (6 and 7 chlorine) are higher. The concentrations of OCPs range from 13 to 127 ng/g dw. Among the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) series, γ-HCH has the highest proportion, indicating the continued use of Lidane in recent years. In addition to the variance in POP levels among different species of fishes, different tissues also have high variations in PAH, PCB and OCP levels.

謝辭i
中文摘要ii
英文摘要iii
目錄v
表目錄viii
圖目錄ix
附錄目錄xi
第一章 前言1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 研究目的3
第二章 文獻回顧4
2.1 持久性有機污染物（POPs）4
2.2 多環芳香烴（PAHs）6
2.2.1 多環芳香烴的來源6
2.2.2 多環芳香烴之危害7
2.3 多氯聯苯（PCBs）11
2.3.1 多氯聯苯的來源11
2.3.2 多氯聯苯之危害12
2.4 有機氯農藥（OCPs）14
2.4.1 有機氯農藥的來源14
2.4.2 有機氯農藥之危害15
2.5 持久性有機污染物污染情形18
2.6 研究區域-小琉球附近海域19
第三章 實驗設備與研究方法22
3.1 材料與儀器22
3.1.1 材料22
3.1.2 儀器23
3.2 試藥及器材前處理25
3.3 採樣及樣品前處理26
3.3.1 採樣地點與方法26
3.3.2 樣品處理26
3.3.3 樣品測量26
3.4 樣品之生物背景27
3.4.1燧鯛（Hoplostethus crassispinus）27
3.4.2黑背鰭凹腹鱈（Ventrifossa nigrodorsalis）27
3.4.3腔吻鱈（Coelorinchus spp.）27
3.4.4小鰭鐮齒魚（Harpadon microchir）27
3.4.5黑緣青眼魚（Chlorophthalmus nigromarginatus）28
3.4.6短鰭新燈籠魚（Neoscopelus microchir）28
3.4.7白帶魚（Trichiurus lepturus）28
3.4.8無鬚稚鱈（Gadella jordani）28
3.4.9新鼬鳚（Neobythites spp.）29
3.4.10棘鼬魚（Hoplobrotula armata）29
3.5 多環芳香烴、多氯聯苯及有機氯農藥分析方法30
3.5.1 多環芳香烴、多氯聯苯及有機氯農藥分析流程30
3.5.2 多環芳香烴分析30
3.5.3 多氯聯苯、有機氯農藥分析31
3.5.4 儀器分析31
3.5.5 定量方法33
3.6 品保及品管（QA/QC）34
3.6.1 方法回收率34
3.6.2 實驗空白分析40
3.6.3 方法偵測極限40
3.7 脂肪含量分析41
3.8 主成分分析（Principal component analysis, PCA）41
3.9 穩定同位素之測定41
第四章 結果與討論46
4.1 脂肪含量分佈46
4.2 多環芳香烴化合物48
4.2.1 多環芳香烴在魚體內之含量分佈48
4.2.3 不同分子量多環芳香烴之分佈情況52
4.3 多氯聯苯化合物60
4.3.1 多氯聯苯之含量分佈60
4.3.2 不同分子量多氯聯苯之分佈情況64
4.4 有機氯農藥化合物73
4.4.1 有機氯農藥在魚體內之含量分佈73
4.4.2 DDT系列有機氯農藥在組織含量之比較及代謝效應77
4.4.3 HCH系列有機氯農藥在組織含量之比較及代謝效應86
4.5 探討持久性有機污染物與營養階層之相關性89
第五章 結論與建議93
5.1 結論93
5.2 建議95
參考文獻96

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